Observational studyMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2015
EuroInf: a multicenter comparative observational study of apomorphine and levodopa infusion in Parkinson's disease.
Observational study in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02702076 (Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion in Parkinson's Disease Patients With Refractory Visual Hallucinations), which is not on this map. Cited by 105 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion in Parkinson's Disease Patients With Refractory Visual Hallucinations
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 240 citations in OpenAlex.
- Invasive therapies for Parkinson's disease: an adapted excerpt from the guidelines of the German Society of Neurology.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion Delivery of Apomorphine in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel on Dyskinesia and Non-Motor Symptoms Including Sleep: Results from a Meta-Analysis with 24-Month Follow-Up.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2022Pooled it
- Translating Evidence to Advanced Parkinson's Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2021Pooled it
- Cost-Effectiveness of Device-Aided Therapies in Parkinson's Disease: A Structured Review.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2021Pooled it
- Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.CNS drugs · 2016Pooled it
- Continuous Subcutaneous Versus Intestinal Levodopa Infusion for Parkinson's Disease: A Real-World, Monocentric, Observational Study and Critical Review.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Observational
- Refractory Motor Complications: Towards a Pragmatic Definition.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Article
- Effects of Continuous Infusion Therapies on Non-Motor Symptoms in Advanced Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in the Treatment of People with Parkinson's Disease with a Device-Aided Therapy: A Prospective Real-World Study.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Observational
- A narrative review of clinical and non-clinical determinants of health-related quality of life in advanced Parkinson's disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Profile of People With Parkinson's Disease Treated With a Device-Aided Therapy in Spain. A Comparative Multicenter Observational Study.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Observational
- Subcutaneous Apomorphine Infusion Initiation Is Associated with Impulse Control Disorder Attenuation in Advanced Parkinson's Disease Patients: Insights from the French NS-Park Cohort.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Observational
- The Effect of Dopaminergic Therapies in Parkinson's Disease on Non-Motor Symptoms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Impact of device-aided therapies on quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease. A comparative multicenter observational study.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Update on sleep disorders in advanced Parkinson's disease: a narrative review.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Review
- Levodopa-Entacapone-Carbidopa Intrajejunal Infusion in Advanced Parkinson's Disease - Interim Analysis of the ELEGANCE Study.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Article
- Subcutaneous administration of foslevodopa/foscarbidopa (PRODUODOPANeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Recognition, management, and patient perspectives of impulsive-compulsive disorders in Parkinson's disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
27 authors at 13 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (Apo) and intrajejunal levodopa infusion (IJLI) are two treatment options for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) and refractory motor complications, with varying cost of treatment. There are no multicenter studies comparing the effects of the two strategies. This open-label, prospective, observational, 6-month, multicenter study compared 43 patients on Apo (48.8% males, age 62.3 ± 10.6 years; disease duration: 14 ± 4.4 years; median H & Y stage 3; interquartile range [IQR]: 3-4) and 44 on IJLI (56.8% males, age 62.7 ± 9.1 years; disease duration: 16.1 ± 6.7 years; median H & Y stage 4; IQR, 3-4). Cohen's effect sizes (≥0.8 considered as large) were "large" with both therapies with respect to total motor, nonmotor, and quality-of-life scores. The Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) with Apo showed moderate improvement, whereas sleep/fatigue, gastrointestinal, urinary, and sexual dimensions of the NMSS showed significantly higher improvement with IJLI. Seventy-five percent on IJLI improved in their quality-of-life and nonmotor symptoms (NMS), whereas in the Apo group, a similar proportion improved in quality of life, but 40% in NMS. Adverse effects included peritonitis with IJLI and skin nodules on Apo. Based on this open-label, nonrandomized, comparative study, we report that, in advanced Parkinson's patients, both IJLI and Apo infusion therapy appear to provide a robust improvement in motor symptoms, motor complications, quality-of-life, and some NMS. Controlled, randomized studies are required.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.