ArticleJournal of epidemiology2015
Validity of footprint analysis to determine flatfoot using clinical diagnosis as the gold standard in a random sample aged 40 years and older.
Article in Journal of epidemiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04431063 (Comparison of the Functional Outcome of Site Peroneus Longus Graft Donors With and Without Distal Stump Suturing of Peroneus Tendon Brevis on ACL Reconstruction Case .), which is not on this map. Cited by 31 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of the Functional Outcome of Site Peroneus Longus Graft Donors With and Without Distal Stump Suturing of Peroneus Tendon Brevis on ACL Reconstruction Case .
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Validity of a simple footprint assessment board for diagnosing the severity of flatfoot: a prospective cohort study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2021Trial
- Clinical and radiological outcomes of Evan's osteotomy in young patients with flexible flatfoot deformity: a retrospective investigation.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Incidence of Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity Referred to Specialist Care in Sweden.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2025Article
- Investigation of accessory navicular in local pre-adolescence children: A longitudinal study with 2-year follow-up-KID Locomo Study.PloS one · 2025Article
- The arch myth: investigating the impact of flat foot on vertical jump height: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Psycho-emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing professionals in Ecuador: a cross-sectional study.BMC nursing · 2024Article
- A foot structure study of new arch flexibility grading system based on three-dimensional arch volume.Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi · 2023Article
- Anatomical Features of the Tarsal Sinus in Patients with Pes Planus: Implications for Clinical Management.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2023Article
- Diagnostic Accuracy of Harris Imprint Index, Chippaux-Smirak Index, Staheli Index Compared With Talar-First Metatarsal Angle for Screening Arch of Foot.Annals of rehabilitation medicine · 2023Article
- Foot Structure of Girls and Boys in the Final Stage of Early Childhood Taking into Account the Half-Yearly Age Ranges.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Would foot arch development in children characterize a body maturation process? A prospective longitudinal study.Biomedical journal · 2022Article
- Analysis of skeletal characteristics of flat feet using three-dimensional foot scanner and digital footprint.Biomedical engineering online · 2022Article
- Monitoring the Role of Physical Activity in Children with Flat Feet by Assessing Subtalar Flexibility and Plantar Arch Index.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A Strong Correlation Between the Severity of Flatfoot and Symptoms of Knee Osteoarthritis in 95 Patients.Frontiers in surgery · 2022Article
- Article
- Concordance between Pressure Platform and Pedigraph.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Association between the Use of Backpack and Static Foot Posture in Schoolchildren with Static Pronated Foot Posture: A 36-Month Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- A New Anatomical Classification for Tibialis Posterior Tendon Insertion and Its Clinical Implications: A Cadaveric Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Comparing Validity and Diagnostic Accuracy of Clarke's Angle and Foot Posture Index-6 to Determine Flexible Flatfoot in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Investigation.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundResearch is needed to determine the prevalence and variables associated with the diagnosis of flatfoot, and to evaluate the validity of three footprint analysis methods for diagnosing flatfoot, using clinical diagnosis as a benchmark.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of a population-based random sample ≥ 40 years old (n = 1002) in A Coruña, Spain. Anthropometric variables, Charlson's comorbidity score, and podiatric examination (including measurement of Clarke's angle, the Chippaux-Smirak index, and the Staheli index) were used for comparison with a clinical diagnosis method using a podoscope. Multivariate regression was performed. Informed patient consent and ethical review approval were obtained.
resultsPrevalence of flatfoot in the left and right footprint, measured using the podoscope, was 19.0% and 18.9%, respectively. Variables independently associated with flatfoot diagnosis were age (OR 1.07), female gender (OR 3.55) and BMI (OR 1.39). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) showed that Clarke's angle is highly accurate in predicting flatfoot (AUC 0.94), followed by the Chippaux-Smirak (AUC 0.83) and Staheli (AUC 0.80) indices. Sensitivity values were 89.8% for Clarke's angle, 94.2% for the Chippaux-Smirak index, and 81.8% for the Staheli index, with respective positive likelihood ratios or 9.7, 2.1, and 2.0.
conclusionsAge, gender, and BMI were associated with a flatfoot diagnosis. The indices studied are suitable for diagnosing flatfoot in adults, especially Clarke's angle, which is highly accurate for flatfoot diagnosis in this population.
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