ReviewNeurochemical research2015
The glutamine-glutamate/GABA cycle: function, regional differences in glutamate and GABA production and effects of interference with GABA metabolism.
Review in Neurochemical research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 217 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physical Activity and Metabolic Alterations in Children and Adolescents Across Different Weight Groups: A Systematic Review.European journal of sport science · 2026Pooled it
- Neurochemical Alterations in Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): A Systematic Review of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Hyperammonemia After Lung Transplantation: Systematic Review and a Mini Case Series.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2022Pooled it
- Influences of glutamine administration on response selection and sequence learning: a randomized-controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- Coordinated Regulation of Glutamate-GABA Flux Enables High-Titre GABA Production in Enterococcus faecium.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Seasonal impact on the thermal tolerance window of a keystone coastal grazer, the common periwinkle Littorina littorea.Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology · 2026Article
- Review
- Gut microbiota: contributing to high CVD prevalence in people living with schizophrenia?European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Review
- Molecular Basis of GABA Aminotransferase Inhibition in Epilepsy: Structure, Mechanisms, and Drug Development.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Regulatory effects of head acupuncture on the GABAergic system and Wnt7a/β-catenin pathway in post-stroke spasticity rats.Journal of molecular histology · 2025Article
- Fueling Brain Inhibition: Integrating GABAergic Neurotransmission and Energy Metabolism.Neurochemical research · 2025Review
- Glutamine-glutamate centered metabolism as the potential therapeutic target against Japanese encephalitis virus-induced encephalitis.Cell & bioscience · 2025Article
- Review
- The Role of Nanotechnology in Understanding the Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury.Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Impacts of hnRNP A1 Splicing Inhibition on the Brain Remyelination Proteome.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Article
- Impact of fluoxetine exposure onFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Progress of Astrocyte-Neuron Crosstalk in Central Nervous System Diseases.Neurochemical research · 2024Review
- Antinociceptive Behavior, Glutamine/Glutamate, and Neopterin in Early-Stage Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Neuropathy in Liraglutide-Treated Mice under a Standard or Enriched Environment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Exogenous putrescine plays a switch-like influence on the pH stress adaptability of biofilm-based activated sludge.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The operation of a glutamine-glutamate/GABA cycle in the brain consisting of the transfer of glutamine from astrocytes to neurons and neurotransmitter glutamate or GABA from neurons to astrocytes is a well-known concept. In neurons, glutamine is not only used for energy production and protein synthesis, as in other cells, but is also an essential precursor for biosynthesis of amino acid neurotransmitters. An excellent tool for the study of glutamine transfer from astrocytes to neurons is [(14)C]acetate or [(13)C]acetate and the glial specific enzyme inhibitors, i.e. the glutamine synthetase inhibitor methionine sulfoximine and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (aconitase) inhibitors fluoro-acetate and -citrate. Acetate is metabolized exclusively by glial cells, and [(13)C]acetate is thus capable when used in combination with magnetic resonance spectroscopy or mass spectrometry, to provide information about glutamine transfer. The present review will give information about glutamine trafficking and the tools used to map it as exemplified by discussions of published work employing brain cell cultures as well as intact animals. It will be documented that considerably more glutamine is transferred from astrocytes to glutamatergic than to GABAergic neurons. However, glutamine does have an important role in GABAergic neurons despite their capability of re-utilizing their neurotransmitter by re-uptake.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.