Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25380657›Full record

ArticleMedical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research2014

Toxic effects of levofloxacin on rat annulus fibrosus cells: an in-vitro study.

Zhi-Long Bai, Qian Chen, Si-Dong Yang, Feng Zhang, Hai-Ying Wang, Da-Long Yang, Wen-Yuan Ding

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Fluoroquinolone-Mediated Tendinopathy and Tendon Rupture.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Early postoperative fluoroquinolone use is associated with an increased revision rate after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2017
    Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Zhi-Long BaiDepartment of Spine Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland).
Qian ChenDepartment of Spine Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland).
Si-Dong YangDepartment of Spine Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland).
Feng ZhangDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland).
Hai-Ying WangDepartment of Spine Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland).
Da-Long YangDepartment of Spine Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland).
Wen-Yuan DingDepartment of Spinal Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland).
Hebei Medical University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFluoroquinolones are in wide clinical use as safe and effective antibiotics. Articular cartilage, tendons, and epiphyseal growth plates have been recognized as targets of fluoroquinolone-induced connective tissue toxicity. However, the effects of fluoroquinolones on annulus fibrosus (AF) cells are still unknown. MATERIAL/

methodsThe main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of levofloxacin, a typical fluoroquinolone antibiotic drug, on rat AF cells in vitro. Rat annulus fibrosus (RAF) cells were treated with levofloxacin at different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, and 90 μg/ml) and were assessed to determine the possible cytotoxic effects of levofloxacin. Inverted phase-contrast microscopy was used to accomplish the morphological observation of apoptosis of treated cells. Western blot and real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) was used to explore the expression of active caspase-3 and MMP-3. Flow cytometry was used to measure the apoptotic incidences.

resultsOur study showed that levofloxacin, with concentrations at 30, 60, and 90 μg/ml, induced dose-dependent RAF cell apoptosis and higher expression of caspase-3 and MMP-3. More apoptotic cells were observed by inverted phase-contrast microscopy. Moreover, levofloxacin increased the activity of caspase-3, and it also reduced cell viability with different concentrations ranging from 10 to 80 μg/ml.

conclusionsOur study results suggest that levofloxacin has cytotoxic effects on RAF cells, characterized by enhancing apoptosis and reducing cell viability, and indicate a potential toxic effect of fluoroquinolones on RAF cells.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnnexin A5Blotting, WesternCaspase 3Cell ShapeCell SurvivalFluorescein-5-isothiocyanateIntervertebral DiscLevofloxacinMatrix Metalloproteinase 3Polymerase Chain ReactionPropidiumRats, Sprague-DawleyAnnexin A5Caspase 3Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanateLevofloxacinMatrix Metalloproteinase 3Propidium

Identifiers

PMID25380657
PMCPMC4237079
OpenAlexW2169705126

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.