ReviewSafety and health at work2014
Sex-specific Profiles of Blood Metal Levels Associated with Metal-Iron Interactions.
Review in Safety and health at work, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Educational interventions for preventing lead poisoning in workers.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Human biomonitoring of essential and toxic trace elements (heavy metals and metalloids) in urine of children, teenagers, and young adults from a Central European Cohort in the Czech Republic.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- The Preventive Impact of Chokeberry (Nutrients · 2025Article
- Associations of Urinary Nickel with NAFLD and Liver Fibrosis in the USA: A Nationwide Cross‑Sectional Study.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Metal exposure in the Greenlandic ACCEPT cohort: follow-up and comparison with other Arctic populations.International journal of circumpolar health · 2024Article
- Consequences of Disturbing Manganese Homeostasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Association between serum manganese and serum klotho in a 40-80-year-old American population from NHANES 2011-2016.Frontiers in aging · 2023Article
- Sex-specific associations between nine metal mixtures in urine and urine flow rate in US adults: NHANES 2009-2018.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Associations of metal mixtures with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: NHANES 2003-2018.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Diet and Blood Concentrations of Essential and Non-Essential Elements among Rural Residents in Arctic Russia.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Heavy metal blood concentrations in association with sociocultural characteristics, anthropometry and anemia among Kenyan adolescents.International journal of environmental health research · 2022Article
- In ovo exposure to cadmium causes right ventricle hyperplasia due to cell proliferation of cardiomyocytes.Toxicology letters · 2022Article
- Sex-specific differences in early renal impairment associated with arsenic, lead, and cadmium exposure among young adults in Taiwan.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Associations of a metal mixture with iron status in U.S. adolescents: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.New directions for child and adolescent development · 2022Article
- Multipollutant, longitudinal analysis of the association between urinary tungsten and incident diabetes in a rural population.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2021Article
- Sex-specific neurotoxic effects of heavy metal pollutants: Epidemiological, experimental evidence and candidate mechanisms.Environmental research · 2021Review
- Urinary Concentrations of Metals and Metalloids in Malaysian Adults.Exposure and health · 2021Article
- Pathological Cardiopulmonary Evaluation of Rats Chronically Exposed to Traffic-Related Air Pollution.Environmental health perspectives · 2020Article
- Prevalence and predictors of iron-deficiency anemia: Women's health perspective at reproductive age in the suburb of dried Urmia Lake, Northwest of Iran.Journal of education and health promotion · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The mechanisms by which iron is absorbed are similar to those of divalent metals, particularly manganese, lead, and cadmium. These metals, however, show different toxicokinetics in relation to menarche or menopause, although their interaction with iron is the same. This review focuses on the kinetics of these three toxic metals (manganese, lead, and cadmium) in relation to menarche, pregnancy, and menopause. The iron-manganese interaction is the major factor determining sex-specific differences in blood manganese levels throughout the whole life cycle. The effects of estrogen overshadow the association between iron deficiency and increased blood lead concentrations, explaining why women, despite having lower ferritin concentrations, have lower blood lead concentrations than men. Iron deficiency is associated with elevated cadmium levels in premenopausal women, but not in postmenopausal women or men; these findings indicate that sex-specific differences in cadmium levels at older ages are not due to iron-cadmium interactions, and that further studies are required to identify the source of these differences. In summary, the potential causes of sex-specific differences in the blood levels of manganese, lead, and cadmium differ from each other, although all these three metals are associated with iron deficiency. Therefore, other factors such as estrogen effects, or absorption rate as well as iron deficiency, should be considered when addressing environmental exposure to toxic metals and sex-specific differences in the blood levels of these metals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.