ArticleG3 (Bethesda, Md.)2014
A Shigella flexneri virulence plasmid encoded factor controls production of outer membrane vesicles.
Article in G3 (Bethesda, Md.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles: Research Advances from Biogenesis Mechanisms to Engineered Applications.Membranes · 2026Review
- Deficiency in theMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Shigella flexneri evades LPS ubiquitylation through IpaH1.4-mediated degradation of RNF213.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Article
- Bioengineering Outer-Membrane Vesicles for Vaccine Development: Strategies, Advances, and Perspectives.Vaccines · 2025Review
- The polyadenylase PAPI is required for virulence plasmid maintenance in pathogenic bacteria.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- The Role of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in the Immune Response to Pathogens, and Therapeutic Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccine Platforms.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2024Review
- Glyoxylate Shunt and Pyruvate-to-Acetoin Shift Are Specific Stress Responses Induced by Colistin and Ceragenin CSA-13 in Enterobacter hormaechei ST89.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- A Tale aboutMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- CRISPR-Cas-Guided Mutagenesis of Chromosome and Virulence Plasmid in Shigella flexneri by Cytosine Base Editing.mSystems · 2023Article
- Shigella Outer Membrane Vesicles as Promising Targets for Vaccination.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The T3SS ofMicroorganisms · 2020Review
- Guanylate-binding proteins convert cytosolic bacteria into caspase-4 signaling platforms.Nature immunology · 2020Article
- Actin Assembly around the Shigella-Containing Vacuole Promotes Successful Infection.Cell reports · 2020Article
- The Antiactivator of Type III Secretion, OspD1, Is Transcriptionally Regulated by VirB and H-NS from Remote Sequences in Shigella flexneri.Journal of bacteriology · 2020Article
- Article
- GBPs Inhibit Motility of Shigella flexneri but Are Targeted for Degradation by the Bacterial Ubiquitin Ligase IpaH9.8.Cell host & microbe · 2017Article
- Identification of novel substrates of Shigella T3SA through analysis of its virulence plasmid-encoded secretome.PloS one · 2017Article
- Macropinosomes are Key Players in Early Shigella Invasion and Vacuolar Escape in Epithelial Cells.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Shigella spp. use a repertoire of virulence plasmid-encoded factors to cause shigellosis. These include components of a Type III Secretion Apparatus (T3SA) that is required for invasion of epithelial cells and many genes of unknown function. We constructed an array of 99 deletion mutants comprising all genes encoded by the virulence plasmid (excluding those known to be required for plasmid maintenance) of Shigella flexneri. We screened these mutants for their ability to bind the dye Congo red: an indicator of T3SA function. This screen focused our attention on an operon encoding genes that modify the cell envelope including virK, a gene of partially characterized function. We discovered that virK is required for controlled release of proteins to the culture supernatant. Mutations in virK result in a temperature-dependent overproduction of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). The periplasmic chaperone/protease DegP, a known regulator of OMV production in Escherichia coli (encoded by a chromosomal gene), was found to similarly control OMV production in S. flexneri. Both virK and degP show genetic interactions with mxiD, a structural component of the T3SA. Our results are consistent with a model in which VirK and DegP relieve the periplasmic stress that accompanies assembly of the T3SA.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.