Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25378250›Full record

ArticleGenome research2015

The discovery of integrated gene networks for autism and related disorders.

Fereydoun Hormozdiari, Osnat Penn, Elhanan Borenstein, Evan E Eichler

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 148 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
148citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

148 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 267 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Article
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  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. The relationship between neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and NLRP3 inflammasome.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. mAutism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
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  19. Review
  20. Review

88 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Fereydoun HormozdiariDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA;
Osnat PennDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA;
Elhanan BorensteinDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA;
Evan E EichlerDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
University of Washington · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · US

Funding

Sporadic Mutations and Autism Spectrum DisordersR01MH101221 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI EICHLER, EVAN · 2013 to 2025
$9.2M
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNIMH NIH HHS R01 MH101221PHS HHS NIH/NIMH R01MH101221
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite considerable genetic heterogeneity underlying neurodevelopmental diseases, there is compelling evidence that many disease genes will map to a much smaller number of biological subnetworks. We developed a computational method, termed MAGI (merging affected genes into integrated networks), that simultaneously integrates protein-protein interactions and RNA-seq expression profiles during brain development to discover "modules" enriched for de novo mutations in probands. We applied this method to recent exome sequencing of 1116 patients with autism and intellectual disability, discovering two distinct modules that differ in their properties and associated phenotypes. The first module consists of 80 genes associated with Wnt, Notch, SWI/SNF, and NCOR complexes and shows the highest expression early during embryonic development (8-16 post-conception weeks [pcw]). The second module consists of 24 genes associated with synaptic function, including long-term potentiation and calcium signaling with higher levels of postnatal expression. Patients with de novo mutations in these modules are more significantly intellectually impaired and carry more severe missense mutations when compared to probands with de novo mutations outside of these modules. We used our approach to define subsets of the network associated with higher functioning autism as well as greater severity with respect to IQ. Finally, we applied MAGI independently to epilepsy and schizophrenia exome sequencing cohorts and found significant overlap as well as expansion of these modules, suggesting a core set of integrated neurodevelopmental networks common to seemingly diverse human diseases.

Indexed as

Gene Regulatory NetworksAlgorithmsAutistic DisorderCluster AnalysisCohort StudiesDatabases, FactualEpilepsyExomeGenetic HeterogeneityHumansMutation, MissensePhenotypeSchizophreniaSequence Analysis, RNA

Identifiers

PMID25378250
PMCPMC4317170
OpenAlexW2106870542

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.