SynthesisBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2015
Quantifying the effects of diuretics and β-adrenoceptor blockers on glycaemic control in diabetes mellitus - a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Thiazide-Type Diuretics With Glycemic Changes in Hypertensive Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2016Pooled it
- Impact of long-term potassium supplementation on thiazide diuretic-induced abnormalities of glucose and uric acid metabolisms.Journal of human hypertension · 2018Trial
- The effect of HIV infection on glycaemia and renal function in type 2 diabetic patients.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Transport and thiazide-inhibition mechanisms of the Na-Cl cotransporter: a structural perspective.Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension · 2025Review
- Rethinking the Impact and Management of Diabetes in Heart Failure Patients.Current heart failure reports · 2024Review
- Association between initial in-hospital heart rate and glycemic control in patients with acute ischemic stroke and diabetes mellitus.BMC endocrine disorders · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Properties of Highly Selective β-blockers With or Without Additional Vasodilator Properties: Focus on Bisoprolol and Nebivolol in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2022Review
- Glycaemic control among type 2 diabetes patients in sub-Saharan Africa from 2012 to 2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2022Article
- Association of diuretic use with increased risk for long-term post-transplantation diabetes mellitus in kidney transplant recipients.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2022Article
- Time-Trends of Drug-Drug Interactions among Elderly Outpatients in the Piedmont Region (Italy): A Population-Based Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- A Machine-Generated View of the Role of Blood Glucose Levels in the Severity of COVID-19.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- β-Blockade for Patients with Hypertension, Ischemic Heart Disease or Heart Failure: Where are We Now?Vascular health and risk management · 2021Review
- Population pharmacokinetic analysis of bisoprolol in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Article
- Elevated glycosylated hemoglobin levels and their interactive effects on hypertension risk in nondiabetic Chinese population: a cross-sectional survey.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2020Article
- Metoprolol and bisoprolol ameliorate hypertrophy of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes induced by high glucose via the PKC/NF-κB/c-fos signaling pathway.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2020Article
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- Potassium measurements and risk of type 2 diabetes: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- The Real Role of β-Blockers in Daily Cardiovascular Therapy.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2017Review
- Antihypertensive and metabolic effects of hydrochlorothiazide versus amlodipine when added to losartan in patients with type 2 diabetes.Diabetology international · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimsAlthough there are reports that β-adrenoceptor antagonists (beta-blockers) and diuretics can affect glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus, there is no clear information on how blood glucose concentrations may change and by how much. We report results from a systematic review to quantify the effects of these antihypertensive drugs on glycaemic control in adults with established diabetes.
methodsWe systematically reviewed the literature to identify randomized controlled trials in which glycaemic control was studied in adults with diabetes taking either beta-blockers or diuretics. We combined data on HbA1c and fasting blood glucose using fixed effects meta-analysis.
resultsFrom 3864 papers retrieved, we found 10 studies of beta-blockers and 12 studies of diuretics to include in the meta-analysis. One study included both comparisons, totalling 21 included reports. Beta-blockers increased fasting blood glucose concentrations by 0.64 mmol l(-1) (95% CI 0.24, 1.03) and diuretics by 0.77 mmol l(-1) (95% CI 0.14, 1.39) compared with placebo. Effect sizes were largest in trials of non-selective beta-blockers (1.33, 95% CI 0.72, 1.95) and thiazide diuretics (1.69, 95% CI 0.60, 2.69). Beta-blockers increased HbA1c concentrations by 0.75% (95% CI 0.30, 1.20) and diuretics by 0.24% (95% CI -0.17, 0.65) compared with placebo. There was no significant difference in the number of hypoglycaemic events between beta-blockers and placebo in three trials.
conclusionsRandomized trials suggest that thiazide diuretics and non-selective beta-blockers increase fasting blood glucose and HbA1c concentrations in patients with diabetes by moderate amounts. These data will inform prescribing and monitoring of beta-blockers and diuretics in patients with diabetes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.