Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25377422›Full record

ArticleWiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology

Open challenges in magnetic drug targeting.

Benjamin Shapiro, Sandip Kulkarni, Aleksander Nacev, Silvia Muro, Pavel Y Stepanov, Irving N Weinberg

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
62citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

62 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Iron-Based Nanoparticles as Delivery Tools.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Engineering Magnetotactic Bacteria as Medical Microrobots.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025
    Review
  9. Magnetic Cell Targeting for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering.Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews · 2025
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Benjamin ShapiroFischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Sandip Kulkarni
Aleksander Nacev
Silvia Muro
Pavel Y Stepanov
Irving N Weinberg

Funding

Spatial, High-Accuracy, Multiplexed Mapping of Genes in Human Tissue SectionsR21CA140068 · NCI · UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK · PI SHAPIRO, BENJAMIN, SMELA, ELISABETH · 2009 to 2012
$641k
Focusing of Drug-Coated Nano-Particles to Deep Tissue Tumors by Feedback ControlR21EB009265 · NIBIB · UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK · PI LUEBBE, ANDREAS S., SHAPIRO, BENJAMIN · 2009 to 2010
$370k
Drug Delivery Method for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing LossR41DC013534 · NIDCD · WEINBERG MEDICAL PHYSICS, LLC · PI SHAPIRO, BENJAMIN · 2014 to 2014
$223k
NCI NIH HHS 1R21CA140068-01NCI NIH HHS R21 CA140068NIBIB NIH HHS R21 EB009265NIDCD NIH HHS 1R41DC013534-01A1NIDCD NIH HHS R41 DC013534
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The principle of magnetic drug targeting, wherein therapy is attached to magnetically responsive carriers and magnetic fields are used to direct that therapy to disease locations, has been around for nearly two decades. Yet our ability to safely and effectively direct therapy to where it needs to go, for instance to deep tissue targets, remains limited. To date, magnetic targeting methods have not yet passed regulatory approval or reached clinical use. Below we outline key challenges to magnetic targeting, which include designing and selecting magnetic carriers for specific clinical indications, safely and effectively reaching targets behind tissue and anatomical barriers, real-time carrier imaging, and magnet design and control for deep and precise targeting. Addressing these challenges will require interactions across disciplines. Nanofabricators and chemists should work with biologists, mathematicians, and engineers to better understand how carriers move through live tissues and how to optimize carrier and magnet designs to better direct therapy to disease targets. Clinicians should be involved early on and throughout the whole process to ensure the methods that are being developed meet a compelling clinical need and will be practical in a clinical setting. Our hope is that highlighting these challenges will help researchers translate magnetic drug targeting from a novel concept to a clinically available treatment that can put therapy where it needs to go in human patients.

Indexed as

Magnetic FieldsDelayed-Action PreparationsMagnetite NanoparticlesMolecular Targeted TherapyNanocapsulesDelayed-Action PreparationsMagnetite NanoparticlesNanocapsules

Identifiers

PMID25377422
PMCPMC4397114

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.