ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2014
The prevalence and determinants of catastrophic health expenditures attributable to non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: a methodological commentary.
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Catastrophic health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2022Pooled it
- The economic impact of non-communicable diseases among households in South Asia and their coping strategy: A systematic review.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- The global impact of non-communicable diseases on households and impoverishment: a systematic review.European journal of epidemiology · 2015Pooled it
- Cooking With Liquefied Petroleum Gas or Biomass and Quality of Life: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial.Indoor air · 2026Article
- Machine learning based classification of catastrophic health expenditures: a cross-sectional study of Korean low-income households.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Prevalence and frequency of arrhythmias and electrocardiographic abnormalities in Pakistan: An outpatient ECG-based study.Heart rhythm O2 · 2025Article
- Health beliefs mediates the association between the number of non-communicable diseases and preventive behaviors in middle-aged and older adults in southern China.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- Bending the curve: Modeling the impact of reducing risk factors for noncommunicable diseases to control future health expenditures in Latin America and the Caribbean.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Global trends in childhood urinary tract infections, 1990-2021: results from the GBD study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Household economic burden of type-2 diabetes and hypertension comorbidity care in urban-poor Ghana: a mixed methods study.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Analysis of the health status and its influencing factors of the low-income populations in Wuxi, China.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Catastrophic pharmaceutical expenditure in patients with type 2 diabetes in Iran.International journal for equity in health · 2022Article
- Do chronic illnesses and poverty go hand in hand?PloS one · 2020Article
- Chronic diseases: An added burden to income and expenses of chronically-ill people in Sri Lanka.PloS one · 2020Article
- Exploring the determinants of distress health financing in Cambodia.Health policy and planning · 2019Article
- "What's happening in Syria even affects the rocks": a qualitative study of the Syrian refugee experience accessing noncommunicable disease services in Jordan.Conflict and health · 2019Article
- Assessing the effects of the percentage of chronic disease in households on health payment-induced poverty in Shaanxi Province, China.BMC health services research · 2018Article
- Family transfers and long-term care: An analysis of the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE).Journal of the economics of ageing · 2018Article
- Understanding variations in catastrophic health expenditure, its underlying determinants and impoverishment in Sub-Saharan African countries: a scoping review.Systematic reviews · 2018Article
- Determinants of catastrophic healthcare expenditure in Peru.International journal of health economics and management · 2018Article
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Abstract
backgroundNon-communicable diseases (NCDs), while traditionally considered a "rich world"-problem, have been spreading fast in low and middle income countries and by now account for a large share of mortality and ill-health in these countries, too. In addition to the disease burden, NCDs may also impose a substantial economic cost. One way in which NCDs might impact people's economic well-being may be via the out-of-pocket expenditures required to cover treatment and other costs associated with suffering from an NCD.
methodsIn this commentary, we identify and discuss the methodological challenges related to cross-country comparison of-out-of-pocket and catastrophic out-of-pocket health care expenditures, attributable to NCDs, focussing on low and middle income countries.
resultsThere is significant evidence of substantial cost burden placed by NCDs on patients living in low and middle income countries, with most of it being heavily concentrated among low socioeconomic status groups. However, a large variation in definition of COOPE between studies prevents cross-country comparison. In addition, as most studies tend to be observational, causal inferences are often not possible. This is further complicated by the cross-sectional nature of studies, small sample sizes, and/or limited duration of follow-up of patients. Most evidence for certain conditions (e.g., cancer) tends to be collected in high-income countries only.
conclusionsThe definitions for COOPEs should be standardized as much as possible, to enable comparison of COOPE prevalence between countries. Prospective study design using larger samples representative of broader sections of local population, collecting better data on both direct and indirect treatment costs is also needed.
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