ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2014
Whole genome sequence of the Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum strain Bosnia A: the genome is related to yaws treponemes but contains few loci similar to syphilis treponemes.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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37 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Whole-Genome Analysis of Treponema pallidum Subspecies endemicum among Men Who Have Sex with Men, Japan, 2020-2023.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
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- Insights into Treponema pallidum genomics from modern and ancient genomes using a novel mapping strategy.BMC biology · 2025Article
- Decoding and Unravelling Mpox, Herpes, and Syphilis Infections: A State of Art Review.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
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- The hare syphilis agent is related to, but distinct from, the treponeme causing rabbit syphilis.PloS one · 2024Article
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- The genomes of the yaws bacterium, Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue, of nonhuman primate and human origin are not genomically distinct.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- In Vitro Transformation and Selection of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum.Current protocols · 2022Article
- Current Methods for Recombination Detection in Bacteria.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Whole genome sequences of Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum isolated from Cuban patients: The non-clonal character of isolates suggests a persistent human infection rather than a single outbreak.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Evolutionary Processes in the Emergence and Recent Spread of the Syphilis Agent, Treponema pallidum.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Article
- High-throughput nanopore sequencing ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Genetic engineering of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the Syphilis Spirochete.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Parameters Affecting ContinuousmBio · 2021Article
- Recombinant Treponema pallidum protein Tp0768 promotes proinflammatory cytokine secretion of macrophages through ER stress and ROS/NF-κB pathway.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Article
- Epidemic of venereal treponematosis in wild monkeys: a paradigm for syphilis origin.New microbes and new infections · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundT. pallidum subsp. endemicum (TEN) is the causative agent of bejel (also known as endemic syphilis). Clinical symptoms of syphilis and bejel are overlapping and the epidemiological context is important for correct diagnosis of both diseases. In contrast to syphilis, caused by T. pallidum subsp. pallidum (TPA), TEN infections are usually spread by direct contact or contaminated utensils rather than by sexual contact. Bejel is most often seen in western Africa and in the Middle East. The strain Bosnia A was isolated in 1950 in Bosnia, southern Europe. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsThe complete genome of the Bosnia A strain was amplified and sequenced using the pooled segment genome sequencing (PSGS) method and a combination of three next-generation sequencing techniques (SOLiD, Roche 454, and Illumina). Using this approach, a total combined average genome coverage of 513× was achieved. The size of the Bosnia A genome was found to be 1,137,653 bp, i.e. 1.6-2.8 kbp shorter than any previously published genomes of uncultivable pathogenic treponemes. Conserved gene synteny was found in the Bosnia A genome compared to other sequenced syphilis and yaws treponemes. The TEN Bosnia A genome was distinct but very similar to the genome of yaws-causing T. pallidum subsp. pertenue (TPE) strains. Interestingly, the TEN Bosnia A genome was found to contain several sequences, which so far, have been uniquely identified only in syphilis treponemes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The genome of TEN Bosnia A contains several sequences thought to be unique to TPA strains; these sequences very likely represent remnants of recombination events during the evolution of TEN treponemes. This finding emphasizes a possible role of repeated horizontal gene transfer between treponemal subspecies in shaping the Bosnia A genome.
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