ArticlePloS one2014
Typhoid outbreak in Songkhla, Thailand 2009-2011: clinical outcomes, susceptibility patterns, and reliability of serology tests.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Occurrence of Typhoid Fever Complications and Their Relation to Duration of Illness Preceding Hospitalization: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Pooled it
- Comparative accuracy of typhoid diagnostic tools: A Bayesian latent-class network analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Rapid diagnostic tests for typhoid and paratyphoid (enteric) fever.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Time series data on typhoid fever incidence during outbreaks from 2000 to 2022.Scientific data · 2025Article
- Risk Factors of Extensively Drug Resistant Typhoid Fever Among Children in Karachi: Case-Control Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2021Article
- Typhoid Outbreaks, 1989-2018: Implications for Prevention and Control.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Review
- A retrospective study of patients with blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever in Fiji during 2014-2015: epidemiology, clinical features, treatment and outcome.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2019Article
- Incidence of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fevers Among Adolescents and Adults in Yangon, Myanmar.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- TyphoidalThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2018Article
- A Randomized Controlled Trial of Zinc Supplementation as Adjuvant Therapy for Dengue Viral Infection in Thai Children.International journal of preventive medicine · 2018Article
- Clinicopathological profile of salmonella typhi and paratyphi infections presenting as Fever of unknown origin in a tropical country.Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the clinical manifestations and outcomes, the reliability of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S ser. Typhi) IgM and IgG rapid tests, and the susceptibility patterns and the response to treatment during the 2009-2011 typhoid outbreak in Songkhla province in Thailand.
methodThe medical records of children aged <15 years with S ser. Typhi bacteremia were analysed. The efficacy of the typhoid IgM and IgG rapid tests and susceptibility of the S ser. Typhi to the current main antibiotics used for typhoid (amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, co-trimoxazole, and ciprofloxacin), were evaluated.
resultsS ser. Typhi bacteremia was found in 368 patients, and all isolated strains were susceptible to all 6 antimicrobials tested. Most of the patients were treated with ciprofloxacin for 7-14 days. The median time (IQR) of fever before treatment and duration of fever after treatment were 5 (4, 7) days and 4 (3, 5) days, respectively. Complications of ascites, lower respiratory symptoms, anemia (Hct <30%), and ileal perforation were found in 7, 7, 22, and 1 patients, respectively. None of the patients had recurrent infection or died. The sensitivities of the typhoid IgM and IgG tests were 58.3% and 25.6% respectively, and specificities were 74.1% and 50.5%, respectively.
conclusionMost of the patients were diagnosed at an early stage and treated with a good outcome. All S ser. Typhi strains were susceptible to standard first line antibiotic typhoid treatment. The typhoid IgM and IgG rapid tests had low sensitivity and moderate specificity.
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