Trial reportPloS one2014
Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Uruguay, a middle-income country.
Trial report in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell wall-inhibiting antibiotics resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive diseases: a global systematic review and meta-analysis in pediatric populations.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Serotype distribution of invasive pneumococcal disease from countries of the WHO Africa, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, South-East Asia, and Western Pacific regions: a systematic literature review from 2010 to 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Vaccination herd effect experience in Latin America: a systematic literature review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Pooled it
- Pneumococcal serotype distribution: A snapshot of recent data in pediatric and adult populations around the world.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Epidemiology and Conjugate Vaccines in Canada, 2000-2019.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- High Prevalence of Vaccine-Type Infections Among Children with Pneumococcal Pneumonia and Effusion After 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction in the Dominican Republic.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Trends in all-cause pneumonia and otitis media in children aged <2 years following pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction in Colombia.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- The direct effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in children in the Latin American and Caribbean region (SIREVA 2006-17): a multicentre, retrospective observational study.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2021Observational
- Article
- Invasive pneumococcal disease in hospitalised children from Lima, Peru before and after introduction of the 7-valent conjugated vaccine.Epidemiology and infection · 2019Article
- Article
- Pneumococcal vaccination in older persons: where are we today?Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2018Review
- Demonstration of the herd effect in adults after the implementation of pneumococcal vaccination with PCV13 in children.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2017Article
- Serotypes and Clonal Diversity of Streptococcus pneumoniae Causing Invasive Disease in the Era of PCV13 in Catalonia, Spain.PloS one · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn 2008, a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced into the routine childhood immunization program in Uruguay, with a 2+1 schedule. In 2010, PCV13 replaced PCV7, and the same 2+1 schedule was used. The effect of these pneumococcal vaccines on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal infections (IPD) and on serotype distribution was analyzed retrospectively, based on passive national laboratory surveillance.
methodsData from 1,887 IPD isolates from 5 years before and 5 years after PCV7 introduction (7 before and 3 after PCV13 introduction) was examined to assess the incidence rate per 100,000 age-specific population of all IPD, PCV7-serotypes, and PCV13-serotypes associated IPD among children < 2 years and 2 to 4 years old, and patients ≥ 5 years old. Trends of frequency for each serotype were also analyzed.
resultsComparison of pre-vaccination (2003-2007) and post-vaccination (2008-2012) periods showed a significant decrease in IPD incidence among children < 2 years old (IR 68.7 to IR 29.6, p<0.001) and children 2 to 4 years (p < 0.04). IPD caused by serotypes in PCV7 was reduced by 95.6% and IPD caused by 6 serotypes added in PCV13 was reduced by 83.9% in children <5 years old. Indirect effects of both conjugate vaccines were observed among patients ≥ 5 years old one year after the introduction of each vaccine, in 2010 for PCV7 and in 2012 for PCV13. Nevertheless, for reasons that still need to be explained, perhaps due to ascertainment bias, total IPD in this group increased after 2007. In 2012, the relative frequency of vaccine serotypes among vaccinated and unvaccinated population declined, except for serotype 3. Non vaccine serotypes with increasing frequency were identified, in rank order: 12F, 8, 24F, 22F, 24A, 15C, 9N, 10A and 33.
conclusionConsecutive immunization with PCV7 and PCV13 has significantly reduced IPD in children < 5 years of age in Uruguay.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.