ArticlePloS one2014
20(S)-protopanaxadiol inhibition of progression and growth of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- A review of pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetic of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Rare ginsenosides: A unique perspective of ginseng research.Journal of advanced research · 2024Review
- Review
- Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Rh2 and aPPD ginsenosides in prostate cancer: a drug interaction perspective.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2023Review
- Transcriptome Analysis of the Inhibitory Effects of 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol on NCI-H1299 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Gut Microbiota: Therapeutic Targets of Ginseng Against Multiple Disorders and Ginsenoside Transformation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Histone acetyltransferase 1 upregulates androgen receptor expression to modulate CRPC cell resistance to enzalutamide.Clinical and translational medicine · 2021Article
- Anti-Tumor Effects of Ginsenoside 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Combination in Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol induces cell death in human endometrial cancer cells via apoptosis.Journal of ginseng research · 2021Article
- 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition by promoting retinoid X receptor alpha in human colorectal carcinoma cells.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2020Article
- Natural Compounds in Prostate Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Mechanisms of Action and Molecular Targets.Cells · 2020Review
- Natural Product Triterpenoids and Their Semi-Synthetic Derivatives with Potential Anticancer Activity.Planta medica · 2019Review
- A positive role of c-Myc in regulating androgen receptor and its splice variants in prostate cancer.Oncogene · 2019Article
- Raddeanin A down-regulates androgen receptor and its splice variants in prostate cancer.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2019Article
- Rerouting of NADPH synthetic pathways for increased protopanaxadiol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- 20(S)-protopanaxadiol regio-selectively targets androgen receptor: anticancer effects in castration-resistant prostate tumors.Oncotarget · 2018Article
- 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol induces apoptosis in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells by downregulating the protein kinase B signaling pathway.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2018Article
- 20Journal of ginseng research · 2017Article
- 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol Phospholipid Complex: Process Optimization, Characterization, In Vitro Dissolution and Molecular Docking Studies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Article
- Anticancer Activities of Protopanaxadiol- and Protopanaxatriol-Type Ginsenosides and Their Metabolites.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Castration-resistant progression of prostate cancer after androgen deprivation therapies remains the most critical challenge in the clinical management of prostate cancer. Resurgent androgen receptor (AR) activity is an established driver of castration-resistant progression, and upregulation of the full-length AR (AR-FL) and constitutively-active AR splice variants (AR-Vs) has been implicated to contribute to the resurgent AR activity. We reported previously that ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol-aglycone (PPD) can reduce the abundance of both AR-FL and AR-Vs. In the present study, we further showed that the effect of PPD on AR expression and target genes was independent of androgen. PPD treatment resulted in a suppression of ligand-independent AR transactivation. Moreover, PPD delayed castration-resistant regrowth of LNCaP xenograft tumors after androgen deprivation and inhibited the growth of castration-resistant 22Rv1 xenograft tumors with endogenous expression of AR-FL and AR-Vs. This was accompanied by a decline in serum prostate-specific antigen levels as well as a decrease in AR levels and mitoses in the tumors. Notably, the 22Rv1 xenograft tumors were resistant to growth inhibition by the next-generation anti-androgen enzalutamide. The present study represents the first to show the preclinical efficacy of PPD in inhibiting castration-resistant progression and growth of prostate cancer. The findings provide a rationale for further developing PPD or its analogues for prostate cancer therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.