ArticlePloS one2014
More than just two sexes: the neural correlates of voice gender perception in gender dysphoria.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural, Functional, and Metabolic Brain Differences as a Function of Gender Identity or Sexual Orientation: A Systematic Review of the Human Neuroimaging Literature.Archives of sexual behavior · 2021Pooled it
- Assessing the association between menstrual cycle phase and voice-gender categorization: no robust evidence for an association.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Listener Age and Gender Diversity: Effects on Voice-based Perception of Gender.Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation · 2021Article
- Cross-sex hormone treatment and own-body perception: behavioral and brain connectivity profiles.Scientific reports · 2021Observational
- Male or Female? - Influence of Gender Role and Sexual Attraction on Sex Categorization of Faces.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Brain Sex Differences Related to Gender Identity Development: Genes or Hormones?International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Cross sex hormone treatment is linked with a reversal of cerebral patterns associated with gender dysphoria to the baseline of cisgender controls.The European journal of neuroscience · 2019Article
- Possible Neurobiological Underpinnings of Homosexuality and Gender Dysphoria.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2019Article
- What has sex got to do with it? The role of hormones in the transgender brain.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Review
- Individualized Patient Vocal Priorities for Tailored Therapy.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2018Article
- Neural correlates of gender congruence in audiovisual commercials for gender-targeted products: An fMRI study.Human brain mapping · 2018Article
- Transsexualism: A Different Viewpoint to Brain Changes.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2018Review
- Testosterone Effects on the Brain in Transgender Men.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2018Article
- Male-to-female gender dysphoria: Gender-specific differences in resting-state networks.Brain and behavior · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gender dysphoria (also known as "transsexualism") is characterized as a discrepancy between anatomical sex and gender identity. Research points towards neurobiological influences. Due to the sexually dimorphic characteristics of the human voice, voice gender perception provides a biologically relevant function, e.g. in the context of mating selection. There is evidence for a better recognition of voices of the opposite sex and a differentiation of the sexes in its underlying functional cerebral correlates, namely the prefrontal and middle temporal areas. This fMRI study investigated the neural correlates of voice gender perception in 32 male-to-female gender dysphoric individuals (MtFs) compared to 20 non-gender dysphoric men and 19 non-gender dysphoric women. Participants indicated the sex of 240 voice stimuli modified in semitone steps in the direction to the other gender. Compared to men and women, MtFs showed differences in a neural network including the medial prefrontal gyrus, the insula, and the precuneus when responding to male vs. female voices. With increased voice morphing men recruited more prefrontal areas compared to women and MtFs, while MtFs revealed a pattern more similar to women. On a behavioral and neuronal level, our results support the feeling of MtFs reporting they cannot identify with their assigned sex.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.