ArticlePloS one2014
The central nervous system as target of Bacillus anthracis toxin independent virulence in rabbits and guinea pigs.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Postexposure Prophylaxis and Treatment of Bacillus anthracis Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Animal Models, 1947-2019.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Pooled it
- Closing the Gaps: Testing the Efficacy of Carbapenem and Cephalosporin Treatments of Late-Stage Anthrax in Rabbits.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Central Nervous System Antimicrobial Exposure and Proposed Dosing for Anthrax Meningitis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Doxycycline, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin are superior to ciprofloxacin in treating anthrax meningitis in rabbits and NHP.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Evaluation of a Frozen Micro-Agar Plates of MAPt Antibiotic Susceptibility Test for Enhanced Bioterror Preparedness.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Tier-1 AgentsFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Rapid and Sensitive Multiplex Assay for the Detection ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- MAPt: A Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing for Bacteria in Environmental Samples as a Means for Bioterror Preparedness.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Using old antibiotics to treat ancient bacterium-β-lactams for Bacillus anthracis meningitis.PloS one · 2020Article
- Infection with a NonencapsulatedToxins · 2018Article
- Treating Anthrax-Induced Meningitis in Rabbits.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Pathology of wild-type and toxin-independent Bacillus anthracis meningitis in rabbits.PloS one · 2017Article
- Revisiting the Concept of Targeting Only Bacillus anthracis Toxins as a Treatment for Anthrax.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infection of the central nervous system is considered a complication of Anthrax and was reported in humans and non-human primates. Previously we have reported that Bacillus anthracis possesses a toxin-independent virulent trait that, like the toxins, is regulated by the major virulence regulator, AtxA, in the presence of pXO2. This toxin-independent lethal trait is exhibited in rabbits and Guinea pigs following significant bacteremia and organ dissemination. Various findings, including meningitis seen in humans and primates, suggested that the CNS is a possible target for this AtxA-mediated activity. In order to penetrate into the brain tissue, the bacteria have to overcome the barriers isolating the CNS from the blood stream. Taking a systematic genetic approach, we compared intracranial (IC) inoculation and IV/SC inoculation for the outcome of the infection in rabbits/GP, respectively. The outstanding difference between the two models is exhibited by the encapsulated strain VollumΔpXO1, which is lethal when injected IC, but asymptomatic when inoculated IV/SC. The findings demonstrate that there is an apparent bottleneck in the ability of mutants to penetrate into the brain. Any mutant carrying either pXO1 or pXO2 will kill the host upon IC injection, but only those carrying AtxA either on pXO1 or in the chromosome in the background of pXO2 can penetrate into the brain following peripheral inoculation. The findings were corroborated by histological examination by H&E staining and immunofluorescence of rabbits' brains following IV and IC inoculations. These findings may have major implications on future research both on B. anthracis pathogenicity and on vaccine development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.