Trial reportPloS one2014
Cigarette smoking promotes inflammation in patients with COPD by affecting the polarization and survival of Th/Tregs through up-regulation of muscarinic receptor 3 and 5 expression.
Trial report in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Vitamin D on Respiratory Function and Immune Status for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of acupoint application on T lymphocyte subsets in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis.Medicine · 2020Pooled it
- The elastin peptide VGVAPG increases CD4Respiratory research · 2021Trial
- N-Acetylcysteine Improves Inflammatory Response in COPD Patients by Regulating Th17/Treg Balance through Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1BioMed research international · 2021Trial
- Association between serum cotinine concentrations on red blood cell folate concentrations in pregnant women and the mediating role of lymphocytes: an NHANES Study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Differential proteins from EVs identification based on tandem mass tags analysis and effect of Treg-derived EVs on T-lymphocytes in COPD patients.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Decreased programmed cell death ligand 2-positive monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells and programmed cell death protein 1-positive T-regulatory cells in patients with type 2 diabetes: implications for immunopathogenesis.Endocrine connections · 2023Article
- Initial and ongoing tobacco smoking elicits vascular damage and distinct inflammatory response linked to neurodegeneration.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Cigarette Smoking Contributes to Th1/Th2 Cell Dysfunction via the Cytokine Milieu in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Article
- Review
- Cigarette smoke-induced extracellular vesicles from dendritic cells alter T-cell activation and HIV replication.Toxicology letters · 2022Article
- Implications of the Immune Landscape in COPD and Lung Cancer: Smoking Versus Other Causes.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The mechanistic role of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio perturbations in the leading non communicable lifestyle diseases.F1000Research · 2022Review
- Inducible Costimulator-C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 3 Signaling is Involved in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathogenesis.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2022Article
- Efficacy of nalmefene with noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation on elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease combining with type II respiratory failure.American journal of translational research · 2021Article
- Cytokine-induced alterations of BAMBI mediate the reciprocal regulation of human Th17/Treg cells in response to cigarette smoke extract.International journal of molecular medicine · 2018Article
- Immunodeficiency in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Inflammation · 2018Review
- Review
- TGF-β/BAMBI pathway dysfunction contributes to peripheral Th17/Treg imbalance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- COPD immunopathology.Seminars in immunopathology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCD4+ T cells in the lung are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), although CD4+ T cell subsets and the direct effect of smoking on these cells, especially the expression of MRs, have not been comprehensively examined.
methodsFirst, circulating CD4+ T cell subsets in healthy nonsmokers, patients with SCOPD and patients with AECOPD were evaluated by flow cytometry. Then, differentiation experiments were carried out using RT-PCR, and Ki-67/Annexin V antibodies were used to measure proliferation and apoptosis. We also explored the impact of CSE on the differentiation and survival of CD4+Th/Tregs and examined the expression of MRs in healthy nonsmokers and patients with SCOPD.
resultsWe found the percentages of circulating Th1 and Th17 cells were increased in patients with AECOPD, while the percentage of Th2 cells was decreased in patients with SCOPD. The percentages of Th10 cells were decreased in both patients with SCOPD and patients with AECOPD, while the percentages of Tregs were increased. In addition, the percentages of CD4+α-7+ T cells were decreased in patients with SCOPD and patients with AECOPD. However, only the decrease observed in patients with AECOPD was significant. In vitro studies also revealed MR expression affected the polarization of T cells, with different CD4+ T cell subtypes acquiring different MR expression profiles. The addition of CSE facilitated CD4+ T cell polarization towards pro-inflammatory subsets (Th1 and Th17) and affected the survival of CD4+ T cells and Treg cells by up-regulating the expression of MR3 and 5, resulting in an imbalance of CD4+ T cell subsets.
conclusionsOur findings suggest an imbalance of circulating CD4+ T cell subsets is involved in COPD pathogenesis in smokers. Cigarette smoking may contribute to this imbalance by affecting the polarization and survival of Th/Tregs through the up-regulation of MR3 and MR5.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.