ArticlePLoS pathogens2014
A conserved peptide pattern from a widespread microbial virulence factor triggers pattern-induced immunity in Arabidopsis.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers.
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Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 207 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systemic acquired resistance signaling molecule N-hydroxypipecolic acid is involved in Age-related resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana.Plant physiology · 2026Article
- LURP1, a SARD1-regulated protein, coordinates with the helper NLR ADR1 to promote plant immunity.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- PEPR1 Mediates SsNLP1-Triggered Immunity AgainstInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Plant cell surface receptors.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- Unraveling plant immunity: from pathogen perception to resistance engineering.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- The engineered Immunoprotein enhance broad-spectrum disease resistance in solanaceous crops.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Glucuronoyl Esterase of Pathogenic Phanerochaete carnosa Induces Immune Responses in Aspen Independently of Its Enzymatic Activity.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- β-sheet stabilization of the island domain underlies ligand-induced LRR-RP activation of plant immune signaling.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A fungal pathogen manipulates phytocytokine signaling for plant infection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The pre-mRNA splicing factor ZOP1 contributes to the regulation of plant immunity.Plant physiology · 2025Article
- High-Quality Assembly of the Apple Fungal PathogenPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Berberine bridge enzyme-like oxidases orchestrate homeostasis and signaling of oligogalacturonides in defense and upon mechanical damage.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial Protein MjEF-Tu is Secreted into Host Plants by Nematodes Eliciting Immune Signaling and Resistance.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- TheFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Fine-tuning of the dual-role transcription factor WRKY8 via differential phosphorylation for robust broad-spectrum plant immunity.Plant communications · 2024Article
- Activation of an atypical plant NLR with an N-terminal deletion initiates cell death at the vacuole.EMBO reports · 2024Article
- Ss4368: Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern for Inducing Plant Cell Death and Resistance toInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Natural variation of immune epitopes reveals intrabacterial antagonism.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- The Truncated Peptide AtPEP1Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Divergent sequences of tetraspanins enable plants to specifically recognize microbe-derived extracellular vesicles.Nature communications · 2023Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microbe- or host damage-derived patterns mediate activation of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in plants. Microbial virulence factor (effector)-triggered immunity (ETI) constitutes a second layer of plant protection against microbial attack. Various necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (Nep1)-like proteins (NLPs) produced by bacterial, oomycete and fungal microbes are phytotoxic virulence factors that exert immunogenic activities through phytotoxin-induced host cell damage. We here show that multiple cytotoxic NLPs also carry a pattern of 20 amino acid residues (nlp20) that triggers immunity-associated plant defenses and immunity to microbial infection in Arabidopsis thaliana and related plant species with similar characteristics as the prototype pattern, bacterial flagellin. Characteristic differences in flagellin and nlp20 plant responses exist however, as nlp20s fail to trigger extracellular alkalinization in Arabidopsis cell suspensions and seedling growth inhibition. Immunogenic nlp20 peptide motifs are frequently found in bacterial, oomycete and fungal NLPs. Such an unusually broad taxonomic distribution within three phylogenetic kingdoms is unprecedented among microbe-derived triggers of immune responses in either metazoans or plants. Our findings suggest that cytotoxic NLPs carrying immunogenic nlp20 motifs trigger PTI in two ways as typical patterns and by inflicting host cell damage. We further propose that conserved structures within a microbial virulence factor might have driven the emergence of a plant pattern recognition system mediating PTI. As this is reminiscent of the evolution of immune receptors mediating ETI, our findings support the idea that there is a continuum between PTI and ETI.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.