ArticlePeerJ2014
A global phylogenetic analysis in order to determine the host species and geography dependent features present in the evolution of avian H9N2 influenza hemagglutinin.
Article in PeerJ, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Proposal for a Global Classification and Nomenclature System for A/H9 Influenza Viruses.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Experimental Infection and In-Contact Transmission of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus in Crows.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Contribution of Segment 3 to the Acquisition of Virulence in Contemporary H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- H9 Influenza Viruses: An Emerging Challenge.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2020Review
- Bayesian phylodynamics of avian influenza A virus H9N2 in Asia with time-dependent predictors of migration.PLoS computational biology · 2019Article
- Conserved structural RNA domains in regions coding for cleavage site motifs in hemagglutinin genes of influenza viruses.Virus evolution · 2019Article
- Development and evaluation of a new real-time RT-PCR assay for detecting the latest H9N2 influenza viruses capable of causing human infection.Microbiology and immunology · 2019Article
- Association of Increased Receptor-Binding Avidity of Influenza A(H9N2) Viruses with Escape from Antibody-Based Immunity and Enhanced Zoonotic Potential.Emerging infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Use of AAScatterPlot tool for monitoring the evolution of the hemagglutinin cleavage site in H9 avian influenza viruses.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2017Article
- Immune Escape Variants of H9N2 Influenza Viruses Containing Deletions at the Hemagglutinin Receptor Binding Site Retain FitnessJournal of virology · 2017Article
- Variability in H9N2 haemagglutinin receptor-binding preference and the pH of fusion.Emerging microbes & infections · 2017Article
- Genetic Characteristic and Global Transmission of Influenza A H9N2 Virus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Intense circulation of A/H5N1 and other avian influenza viruses in Cambodian live-bird markets with serological evidence of sub-clinical human infections.Emerging microbes & infections · 2016Article
- Antigenic mapping of an H9N2 avian influenza virus reveals two discrete antigenic sites and a novel mechanism of immune escape.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Characterization and Comparison of the Structural Features, Immune-Modulatory and Anti-Avian Influenza Virus Activities Conferred by Three Algal Sulfated Polysaccharides.Marine drugs · 2015Article
- The infection of turkeys and chickens by reassortants derived from pandemic H1N1 2009 and avian H9N2 influenza viruses.Scientific reports · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A complete phylogenetic analysis of all of the H9N2 hemagglutinin sequences that were collected between 1966 and 2012 was carried out in order to build a picture of the geographical and host specific evolution of the hemagglutinin protein. To improve the quality and applicability of the output data the sequences were divided into subsets based upon location and host species. The phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin reveals that the protein has distinct lineages between China and the Middle East, and that wild birds in both regions retain a distinct form of the H9 molecule, from the same lineage as the ancestral hemagglutinin. The results add further evidence to the hypothesis that the current predominant H9N2 hemagglutinin lineage might have originated in Southern China. The study also shows that there are sampling problems that affect the reliability of this and any similar analysis. This raises questions about the surveillance of H9N2 and the need for wider sampling of the virus in the environment. The results of this analysis are also consistent with a model where hemagglutinin has predominantly evolved by neutral drift punctuated by occasional selection events. These selective events have produced the current pattern of distinct lineages in the Middle East, Korea and China. This interpretation is in agreement with existing studies that have shown that there is widespread intra-country sequence evolution.
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