ArticleFrontiers in human neuroscience2014
Neurofeedback in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - different models, different ways of application.
Article in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02572180 (A Biofeedback Training in Schoolchildren With an Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Biofeedback Training in Schoolchildren With an Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Differential Effects of Training in a 2D or 3D Environment
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neurofeedback for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- How standardized are "standard protocols"? Variations in protocol and performance evaluation for slow cortical potential neurofeedback: A systematic review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Amygdala-related electroencephalogram neurofeedback as add-on therapy for treatment-resistant childhood sexual abuse posttraumatic stress disorder: feasibility study.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2024Trial
- Functional connectivity changes associated with fMRI neurofeedback of right inferior frontal cortex in adolescents with ADHD.NeuroImage · 2019Trial
- Time course of clinical change following neurofeedback.NeuroImage · 2018Trial
- Real-time fMRI neurofeedback in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Human brain mapping · 2017Trial
- Trial
- The Multidimensional Dynamic Feedback Model: A Comprehensive Framework for Understanding and Managing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- tDCS and neurofeedback in ADHD treatment.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of brain self-regulation: psychological factors, mechanistic models and neural substrates.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Review
- Neurofeedback for the Education of Children with ADHD and Specific Learning Disorders: A Review.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Self-management training vs. neurofeedback interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Results of a randomized controlled treatment study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Review
- Neurofeedback Learning Is Skill Acquisition but Does Not Guarantee Treatment Benefit: Continuous-Time Analysis of Learning-Curves From a Clinical Trial for ADHD.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
- The impact of psychological theory on the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults: A scoping review.PloS one · 2021Article
- Article
- Neurofunctional and behavioural measures associated with fMRI-neurofeedback learning in adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2020Article
- Neurofeedback in ADHD: A qualitative study of strategy use in slow cortical potential training.PloS one · 2020Article
- Increased left inferior fronto-striatal activation during error monitoring after fMRI neurofeedback of right inferior frontal cortex in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2020Article
- Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Based Frontal Lobe Neurofeedback Integrated in Virtual Reality Modulates Brain and Behavior in Highly Impulsive Adults.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), different neurofeedback (NF) protocols have been applied, with the most prominent differentiation between EEG frequency-band (e.g., theta/beta) training and training of slow cortical potentials (SCPs). However, beyond distinctions between such basic NF variables, there are also competing assumptions about mechanisms of action (e.g., acquisition of regulation capability, generalization to daily life behavior). In the present article, we provide a framework for NF models and suppose two hypothetical models, which we call "conditioning-and-repairing model" and "skill-acquisition model," reflecting extreme poles within this framework. We argue that the underlying model has an impact not only on how NF is applied but also on the selection of evaluation strategies and suggest using evaluation strategies beyond beaten paths of pharmacological research. Reflecting available studies, we address to what extent different views are supported by empirical data. We hypothesize that different models may hold true depending on the processes and behaviors to be addressed by a certain NF protocol. For example, the skill-acquisition model is supported by recent findings as an adequate explanatory framework for the mechanisms of action of SCP training in ADHD. In conclusion, evaluation and interpretation of NF trials in ADHD should be based on the underlying model and the way training is applied, which, in turn, should be stated explicitly in study reports.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.