Trial reportNutrition journal2014
Stool fatty acid soaps, stool consistency and gastrointestinal tolerance in term infants fed infant formulas containing high sn-2 palmitate with or without oligofructose: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in Nutrition journal, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of an Infant Formula With High 2-Palmitic Vegetable Oil or an Identical Formula Supplemented With Oligofructose on Stool Composition and Stool Characteristics in Healthy Term Infants in Taiwan
Enjoyment of Infant Formulas Based on Cow or Goat Milk Protein
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of feeding infant formula rich in sn-2 palmitate for 6 months on fecal saponified fatty acids, calcium and stool characteristics: a cluster-randomized controlled trial.Nutrition journal · 2025Trial
- Trial
- New infant formulas for healthy term infants: A randomized, controlled, double-blind, multicenter, non-inferiority design safety study.PloS one · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Goat Milk Based Infant Formula in Newborns: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial on Growth and Safety.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2022Trial
- Safety and Tolerance of a Novel Anti-Regurgitation Formula: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2021Trial
- Trial
- An infant formula with large, milk phospholipid-coated lipid droplets containing a mixture of dairy and vegetable lipids supports adequate growth and is well tolerated in healthy, term infants.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Trial
- Inulin-Type Fructan Supplementation of 3- to 6-Year-Old Children Is Associated with Higher Fecal Bifidobacterium Concentrations and Fewer Febrile Episodes Requiring Medical Attention.The Journal of nutrition · 2018Trial
- Article
- A2 β-casein infant formula with high sn-2 palmitate and casein phosphopeptides (CPP) supports energy and mineral absorption in Chinese infants.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- The multifaceted roles of fatty acids and their dysregulation in obese mothers: potential implications for infant development.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Review
- Growth and gastrointestinal tolerance of healthy formula-fed infants: a multicentre, prospective observational study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Observational
- Phenylalanine-Free Infant Formula in Patients with Phenylketonuria: A Retrospective Study.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Observational
- An A2 β-casein infant formula with high sn-2 palmitate and casein phosphopeptides supports adequate growth, improved stool consistency, and bone strength in healthy, term Chinese infants: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Development and large-scale production of human milk fat analog by fermentation of microalgae.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of Growing-Up Milk Containing Only A2 β-Casein on Digestive Comfort in Toddlers: A Randomized Controlled Trial in China.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Effect of bovine milk fat-based infant formulae on microbiota, metabolites and stool parameters in healthy term infants in a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled trial.BMC nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFormula-fed (FF) infants often have harder stools and higher stool concentrations of fatty acid soaps compared to breastfed infants. Feeding high sn-2 palmitate or the prebiotic oligofructose (OF) may soften stools, reduce stool soaps, and decrease fecal calcium loss.
methodsWe investigated the effect of high sn-2 palmitate alone and in combination with OF on stool palmitate soap, total soap and calcium concentrations, stool consistency, gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance, anthropometrics, and hydration in FF infants. This double-blind trial randomized 165 healthy term infants 25-45 days old to receive Control formula (n = 54), formula containing high sn-2 palmitate (sn-2; n = 56), or formula containing high sn-2 palmitate plus 3 g/L OF (sn-2+OF; n = 55). A non-randomized human milk (HM)-fed group was also included (n = 55). The primary endpoint, stool composition, was determined after 28 days of feeding, and was assessed using ANOVA accompanied by pairwise comparisons. Stool consistency, GI tolerance and hydration were assessed at baseline, day 14 (GI tolerance only) and day 28.
resultsInfants fed sn-2 had lower stool palmitate soaps compared to Control (P = 0.0028); while those fed sn-2+OF had reduced stool palmitate soaps compared to both Control and sn-2 (both P < 0.0001). Stool total soaps and calcium were lower in the sn-2+OF group than either Control (P < 0.0001) or sn-2 (P < 0.0001). The HM-fed group had lower stool palmitate soaps, total soaps and calcium (P < 0.0001 for each comparison) than all FF groups. The stool consistency score of the sn-2+OF group was lower than Control and sn-2 (P < 0.0001), but higher than the HM-fed group (P < 0.0001). GI tolerance was similar and anthropometric z-scores were <0.2 SD from the WHO growth standards in all groups, while urinary hydration markers were within normal range for all FF infants.
conclusionsIncreasing sn-2 palmitate in infant formula reduces stool palmitate soaps. A combination of high sn-2 palmitate and OF reduces stool palmitate soaps, total soaps and calcium, while promoting softer stools.
trial registrationThis study was registered on http://www.clinicaltrials.gov: number NCT02031003.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.