ArticleScientific reports2014
Embryonic origin and compartmental organization of the external genitalia.
Article in Scientific reports, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- The cloacal outgrowth orchestrates co-development of the bladder and umbilical arteries.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of isolated male epispadias: concealed versus nonconcealed cases in a Chinese tertiary hospital.Asian journal of andrology · 2025Article
- Ventral body wall closure: Mechanistic insights from mouse models and translation to human pathology.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2025Review
- An extragenital cell population contributes to urethra closure during mouse penis development.Science advances · 2024Article
- An extra-genital cell population contributes to urethra closure during mouse penis development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Single cell transcriptomic analysis of external genitalia reveals complex and sexually dimorphic cell populations in the early genital tubercle.Developmental biology · 2021Article
- Meeting report on the NIDDK/AUA Workshop on Congenital Anomalies of External Genitalia: challenges and opportunities for translational research.Journal of pediatric urology · 2020Review
- Discrete Hedgehog Factor Expression and Action in the Developing Phallus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Pigeon foot feathering reveals conserved limb identity networks.Developmental biology · 2019Article
- LIM homeodomain transcription factor Isl1 affects urethral epithelium differentiation and apoptosis via Shh.Cell death & disease · 2019Article
- Systematization of ambiguous genitalia.Organogenesis · 2016Article
- Resurrecting embryos of the tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus, to resolve vertebrate phallus evolution.Biology letters · 2015Article
- Molecular development of chondrichthyan claspers and the evolution of copulatory organs.Nature communications · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Genital malformations occur at a high frequency in humans, affecting ~1:250 live births. The molecular mechanisms of external genital development are beginning to be identified; however, the origin of cells that give rise to external genitalia is unknown. Here we use cell lineage analysis to show that the genital tubercle, the precursor of the penis and clitoris, arises from two populations of progenitor cells that originate at the lateral edges of the embryo, at the level of the posterior hindlimb buds and anterior tail. During body wall closure, the left and right external genital progenitor pools are brought together at the ventral midline, where they form the paired genital swellings that give rise to the genital tubercle. Unexpectedly, the left and right external genital progenitor pools form two lineage-restricted compartments in the phallus. Together with previous lineage studies of limb buds, our results indicate that, at the pelvic level, the early lateral mesoderm is regionalized from medial to lateral into dorsal limb, ventral limb, and external genital progenitor fields. These findings have implications for the evolutionary diversification of external genitalia and for the association between external genital defects and disruption of body wall closure, as seen in the epispadias-extrophy complex.
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