ArticleMolecular medicine reports2015
Effects of thyroxine and donepezil on hippocampal acetylcholine content, acetylcholinesterase activity, synaptotagmin-1 and SNAP-25 expression in hypothyroid adult rats.
Article in Molecular medicine reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thyroid dysfunction and cognitive function: a review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Neurological consequences of adult-onset hypothyroidism.Endocrine journal · 2025Review
- TLR4/NF-κB-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory and Cognitive Protective Actions ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Thyroid dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease, a vicious circle.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Local Thyroid Hormone Action in Brain Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Anti-Amnesic Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation ContainingInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Synaptic loss in a mouse model of euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis: possible involvement of the microglia.BMC neuroscience · 2022Article
- Histological, functional and transcriptomic alterations in the juvenile hippocampus in a mouse model of thyroid hormone resistance.European thyroid journal · 2022Article
- The effects of vitamin D on learning and memory of hypothyroid juvenile rats and brain tissue acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative stress indicators.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2022Article
- Folic acid attenuated learning and memory impairment via inhibition of oxidative damage and acetylcholinesterase activity in hypothyroid rats.Metabolic brain disease · 2021Article
- Melamine Disrupts Acetylcholine-Mediated Neural Information Flow in the Hippocampal CA3-CA1 Pathway.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2021Article
- Impaired Brain Energy Metabolism: Involvement in Depression and Hypothyroidism.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Article
- Benzophenone-2 Concentration and Its Effect on Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Markers in Rat Brain.Neurotoxicity research · 2019Article
- Concurrent administration of thyroxine and donepezil induces plastic changes in the prefrontal cortex of adult hypothyroid rats.Molecular medicine reports · 2017Article
- Morphine Antidependence ofEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A growing number of studies have revealed that neurocognitive impairment, induced by adult-onset hypothyroidism, may not be fully restored by traditional hormone substitution therapies, including thyroxine (T4). The present study has investigated the effect of T4 and donepezil (DON; an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor) treatment on the hypothyroidism-induced alterations of acetylcholine (ACh) content and AChE activity. Furthermore, we examined synaptotagmin-1 (syt-1) and SNAP-25 expression in the hippocampus of adult rats. Adding 0.05% propylthiouracil to their drinking water for five weeks induced hypothyroidism in the rat models. From the fourth week, the rats were treated with T4, DON or a combination of both. Concentration of ACh and the activity of AChE was determined colorimetrically. The results demonstrated that hypothyroidism induced a significant decrease of Ach content and AChE activity (by 17 and 34%, respectively), which were restored to control values by T4 administration. DON treatment also restored Ach to the normal level. Protein levels of syt-1 and SNAP-25 were determined by immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that syt-1 was expressed at significantly lower levels in hypothyroid rats, while SNAP-25 levels were notably higher compared with the controls. Two-week treatment with T4 alone failed to normalize the expression levels of these two proteins, while co-administration of T4 and DON was able to induce this effect. These data suggested that the thyroid hormone, T4, may have a direct effect on the metabolism of hippocampal ACh in adult rats, and that the DON treatment may facilitate the recovery of synaptic protein impairments induced by hypothyroidism.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.