ReviewFrontiers in immunology2014
From Monocytes to M1/M2 Macrophages: Phenotypical vs. Functional Differentiation.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03173677 (Monocyte Differentiation and Macrophage Polarization in Circulation in Response to Macronutrient Intake in Healthy Humans), which is not on this map. Cited by 1,185 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Monocyte Differentiation and Macrophage Polarization in Circulation in Response to Macronutrient Intake in Healthy Humans: A Randomized Clinical Study
Who cites it
1,185 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- From mechanism to therapy: advances in macrophage polarisation and targeted intervention in osteosarcoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- From regeneration to immunomodulation: a 20-year global bibliometric analysis of platelet-rich plasma for osteoarthritis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Peripheral Blood Monocytes as Biomarkers of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Pooled it
- Mass cytometry uncovers distinct blood myeloid phenotypes linked to clinical responses during gastric cancer chemoimmunotherapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Trial
- Human and mouse regenerative macrophages enhance beta cell survival, function, and proliferation.Islets · 2026Article
- The role of IRF5 as an immune regulator.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Article
- Rare-Earth Nanomaterials for Advanced Theranostics of Atherosclerosis.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2026Review
- The Silent Vehicle: Validating the Biological Signals and Noises of Baculovirus Vectors in Macrophage-Targeted Vaccines.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Endothelial cells exposed to preeclamptic placental macrophages show increased oxidative stress and impaired angiogenesis in vitro.Pregnancy hypertension · 2026Article
- Protein Posttranslational Modifications in Immunity: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
- Immunomodulation Therapy to Treat Severe Malaria With Multiple Organ Failure.Critical care explorations · 2026Article
- Increased NETosis in Patients With Heart Failure Is Associated With Macrophage Activation Towards a Proinflammatory Phenotype.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Changes in leukocytes and CRP in different treatments of major depression.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- The M1/M2 Test System for Determining Macrophage Phenotypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Impact of E-Liquids on Phagocytosis, Escape and Invasion ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Administration Prevents and Stops Lung Fibrosis and Is Associated with Distinct Macrophage Signatures.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Spatial and single-nuclei transcriptomics reveals idiosyncratic and generic patterns in papillary and anaplastic thyroid cancers.Molecular oncology · 2026Article
- Effects of photobiomodulation, alone or combined with dexamethasone, on cellular metabolic activity and inflammatory markers in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated J774 macrophages.Lasers in medical science · 2026Article
- Monocytes Display Altered Inflammatory Profiles in Individuals with Diabetic Foot Ulcers Indicating Monocyte Dysfunction.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
1,125 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Studies on monocyte and macrophage biology and differentiation have revealed the pleiotropic activities of these cells. Macrophages are tissue sentinels that maintain tissue integrity by eliminating/repairing damaged cells and matrices. In this M2-like mode, they can also promote tumor growth. Conversely, M1-like macrophages are key effector cells for the elimination of pathogens, virally infected, and cancer cells. Macrophage differentiation from monocytes occurs in the tissue in concomitance with the acquisition of a functional phenotype that depends on microenvironmental signals, thereby accounting for the many and apparently opposed macrophage functions. Many questions arise. When monocytes differentiate into macrophages in a tissue (concomitantly adopting a specific functional program, M1 or M2), do they all die during the inflammatory reaction, or do some of them survive? Do those that survive become quiescent tissue macrophages, able to react as naïve cells to a new challenge? Or, do monocyte-derived tissue macrophages conserve a "memory" of their past inflammatory activation? This review will address some of these important questions under the general framework of the role of monocytes and macrophages in the initiation, development, resolution, and chronicization of inflammation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.