ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014
Nep1-like proteins from three kingdoms of life act as a microbe-associated molecular pattern in Arabidopsis.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers.
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 185 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineered pattern recognition receptors enhance broad-spectrum plant resistance.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Moderately ectopic expressing NLP27 in potato confers high disease resistance without yield penalty.Plant cell reports · 2026Article
- PEPR1 Mediates SsNLP1-Triggered Immunity AgainstInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Secreted Glycoside Hydrolase BcGH61 From Botrytis cinerea Induces Cell Death by the Apoplastic Location and Triggers Intracellular Immune Perception.Molecular plant pathology · 2026Article
- Integrating natural language processing and genome analysis enables accurate bacterial phenotype prediction.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Plasticity of the cytotoxic Nep1-like protein enables promiscuity in binding to its lipid receptor glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides.Science advances · 2025Article
- Peptide Hormone-Mediated Regulation of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptability.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1-mediated repression of immunity-related genes in Arabidopsis roots is lifted upon infection with Verticillium longisporum.Journal of experimental botany · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial Protein MjEF-Tu is Secreted into Host Plants by Nematodes Eliciting Immune Signaling and Resistance.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- SsNEP2 Plays a Role in the Interaction BetweenJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Phosphorylation of PIP2;7 by CPK28 or Phytophthora kinase effectors dampens pattern-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis.Plant communications · 2025Article
- Fine-tuning of the dual-role transcription factor WRKY8 via differential phosphorylation for robust broad-spectrum plant immunity.Plant communications · 2024Article
- Ss4368: Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern for Inducing Plant Cell Death and Resistance toInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Extreme overall mushroom genome expansion in Mycena s.s. irrespective of plant hosts or substrate specializations.Cell genomics · 2024Article
- The pathogenicity of Plasmopara viticola: a review of evolutionary dynamics, infection strategies and effector molecules.BMC plant biology · 2024Review
- Surface frustration re-patterning underlies the structural landscape and evolvability of fungal orphan candidate effectors.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Disruption of plant plasma membrane by Nep1-like proteins in pathogen-plant interactions.The New phytologist · 2023Review
- Heterologous expression of Arabidopsis pattern recognition receptor RLP23 increases broad-spectrum resistance in poplar to fungal pathogens.Molecular plant pathology · 2023Article
- Functional analysis of the Nep1-like proteins fromPlant signaling & behavior · 2022Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (Nep1)-like proteins (NLPs) are secreted by a wide range of plant-associated microorganisms. They are best known for their cytotoxicity in dicot plants that leads to the induction of rapid tissue necrosis and plant immune responses. The biotrophic downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis encodes 10 different noncytotoxic NLPs (HaNLPs) that do not cause necrosis. We discovered that these noncytotoxic NLPs, however, act as potent activators of the plant immune system in Arabidopsis thaliana. Ectopic expression of HaNLP3 in Arabidopsis triggered resistance to H. arabidopsidis, activated the expression of a large set of defense-related genes, and caused a reduction of plant growth that is typically associated with strongly enhanced immunity. N- and C-terminal deletions of HaNLP3, as well as amino acid substitutions, pinpointed to a small central region of the protein that is required to trigger immunity, indicating the protein acts as a microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP). This was confirmed in experiments with a synthetic peptide of 24 aa, derived from the central part of HaNLP3 and corresponding to a conserved region in type 1 NLPs that induces ethylene production, a well-known MAMP response. Strikingly, corresponding 24-aa peptides of fungal and bacterial type 1 NLPs were also able to trigger immunity in Arabidopsis. The widespread phylogenetic distribution of type 1 NLPs makes this protein family (to our knowledge) the first proteinaceous MAMP identified in three different kingdoms of life.
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