Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25367975›Full record

ReviewCold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine2014

The spectrum of fungi that infects humans.

Julia R Köhler, Arturo Casadevall, John Perfect

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 155 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
155citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

155 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  11. Review
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  13. Disseminated candidiasis on FDG-PET/CT.Molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy · 2025
    Article
  14. Human immunity to fungal infections.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025
    Review
  15. Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties and Anti-Fungal Activities of NewInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

95 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Julia R KöhlerDivision of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
Arturo CasadevallDepartments of Microbiology and Immunology and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461.
John PerfectDivision of Infectious Diseases, Duke Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Few among the millions of fungal species fulfill four basic conditions necessary to infect humans: high temperature tolerance, ability to invade the human host, lysis and absorption of human tissue, and resistance to the human immune system. In previously healthy individuals, invasive fungal disease is rare because animals' sophisticated immune systems evolved in constant response to fungal challenges. In contrast, fungal diseases occur frequently in immunocompromised patients. Paradoxically, successes of modern medicine have put increasing numbers of patients at risk for invasive fungal infections. Uncontrolled HIV infection additionally makes millions vulnerable to lethal fungal diseases. A concerted scientific and social effort is needed to meet these challenges.

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionFungiHumansImmunity, InnateImmunocompromised HostMycosesOpportunistic InfectionsVirulence

Identifiers

PMID25367975
PMCPMC4292074

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.