Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25367571›Full record

ArticleImmunity2014

The identification of the endogenous ligands of natural killer T cells reveals the presence of mammalian α-linked glycosylceramides.

Lisa Kain, Bill Webb, Brian L Anderson, Shenglou Deng, Marie Holt, Anne Costanzo, Anne Constanzo, Meng Zhao, Kevin Self, Anais Teyton and 6 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Immunity, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 143 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
143citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

143 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. The α glycolipid rules the NKT cell TCR.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Lipidomic scanning of self-lipids identifies headless antigens for natural killer T cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Frontiers in immunology · 2023
    Review
  15. Innate and Innate-like Effector Lymphocytes in Health and Disease.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review

83 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Lisa KainDepartment of Immunology and Microbial Science, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Bill WebbDepartment of Molecular Biology, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Brian L AndersonDepartment of Chemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
Shenglou DengDepartment of Chemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
Marie HoltDepartment of Immunology and Microbial Science, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Anne Costanzo
Anne ConstanzoDepartment of Immunology and Microbial Science, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Meng ZhaoLa Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Kevin SelfDepartment of Immunology and Microbial Science, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Anais TeytonDepartment of Immunology and Microbial Science, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Chris EverettDepartment of Immunology and Microbial Science, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Mitchell KronenbergLa Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Dirk M ZajoncLa Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Albert BendelacCommittee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Paul B SavageDepartment of Chemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
Luc TeytonDepartment of Immunology and Microbial Science, the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Electronic address: lteyton@scripps.edu.

Funding

Re-Engineering Translational Research at the University of ChicagoUL1TR000430 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI SOLWAY, JULIAN · 2012 to 2016
$20.2M
Th1/Th2 Glycolipid AdjuvantsP01AI053725 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI BENDELAC, ALBERT S. · 2003 to 2012
$11.8M
Development and Function of NKT CellsR37AI071922 · NIAID · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · PI KRONENBERG, MITCHELL · 2006 to 2015
$4.9M
Rheumatic Diseases Research Training GrantT32AR064194 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI GARY S FIRESTEIN, Monica Guma · 2013 to 2026
$3.8M
Molecular Pharmacology of NKT Cell AgonistsR01AI102892 · NIAID · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI TEYTON, LUC · 2013 to 2017
$3.6M
Differentiation of subsets of NKT cellsR01AI071922 · NIAID · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · PI KRONENBERG, MITCHELL · 2016 to 2020
$2.7M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000430NIAID NIH HHS AI053725NIAID NIH HHS AI102892NIAID NIH HHS AI71922NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI053725NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI071922NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI102892NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI071922NIAMS NIH HHS T32 AR064194
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glycosylceramides in mammalian species are thought to be present in the form of β-anomers. This conclusion was reinforced by the identification of only one glucosylceramide and one galactosylceramide synthase, both β-transferases, in mammalian genomes. Thus, the possibility that small amounts of α-anomers could be produced by an alternative enzymatic pathway, by an unfaithful enzyme, or spontaneously in unusual cellular compartments has not been examined in detail. We approached the question by taking advantage of the exquisite specificity of T and B lymphocytes and combined it with the specificity of catabolic enzymes of the sphingolipid pathway. Here, we demonstrate that mammalian immune cells produce constitutively very small quantities of α-glycosylceramides, which are the major endogenous ligands of natural killer T cells. Catabolic enzymes of the ceramide and glycolipid pathway tightly control the amount of these α-glycosylceramides. The exploitation of this pathway to manipulate the immune response will create new therapeutic opportunities.

Indexed as

AnimalsAntigens, CD1dB-LymphocytesCell LineGlucosylceramidesGlycolipidsHumansLymphocyte ActivationMiceNatural Killer T-CellsProtein BindingT-LymphocytesAntigens, CD1dGlucosylceramidesGlycolipids

Identifiers

PMID25367571
PMCPMC4220304

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.