ArticlePsychopharmacology2015
Concurrent access to nicotine and sucrose in rats.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Substitutability of nicotine and sucrose in rats: A behavioral economic analysis.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2023Article
- Animal Models of the Behavioral Symptoms of Substance Use Disorders.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- More than Smoke and Patches: The Quest for Pharmacotherapies to Treat Tobacco Use Disorder.Pharmacological reviews · 2020Review
- Addiction is driven by excessive goal-directed drug choice under negative affect: translational critique of habit and compulsion theory.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Review
- Non-pharmacological factors that determine drug use and addiction.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2020Review
- Effects of alcohol dependence on discrete choice between alcohol and saccharin.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2018Article
- Discovery and development of varenicline for smoking cessation.Expert opinion on drug discovery · 2018Review
- Pharmacotherapies for decreasing maladaptive choice in drug addiction: Targeting the behavior and the drug.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2018Review
- Essential values of cocaine and non-drug alternatives predict the choice between them.Addiction biology · 2017Article
- Nicotine self-administration research: the legacy of Steven R. Goldberg and implications for regulation, health policy, and research.Psychopharmacology · 2016Review
- Choice between delayed food and immediate oxycodone in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2016Article
- The effects of varenicline on methamphetamine self-administration and drug-primed reinstatement in female rats.Behavioural brain research · 2016Article
- The effects of nicotine self-administration and withdrawal on concurrently available chow and sucrose intake in adult male rats.Physiology & behavior · 2016Article
- Effects of varenicline on operant self-administration of alcohol and/or nicotine in a rat model of co-abuse.Behavioural brain research · 2016Article
- The role of varenicline on alcohol-primed self-administration and seeking behavior in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnimal models that allow concurrent access to drug and nondrug reinforcers provide unique insight into the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of drug use.
objectivesWe sought to develop and utilize a concurrent access procedure with nicotine and sucrose in rats.
methodsPressing one lever delivered intravenous nicotine, and pressing another lever delivered sucrose pellets, with both reinforcers freely available throughout daily sessions.
resultsRats that had been pretrained with nicotine on some days and sucrose on other days responded on both levers when subsequently given concurrent access, but almost all responded at substantially higher rates on the sucrose lever. In contrast, rats pretrained exclusively with nicotine before being given concurrent access showed individual differences, with about half responding more on the nicotine lever. Treatment with the nicotinic receptor partial agonist varenicline selectively decreased nicotine self-administration. Food restriction and removal of the sucrose lever both increased nicotine self-administration.
conclusionsThe finding that rats continue to take nicotine when sucrose is concurrently available-and in many cases take it more frequently than sucrose-demonstrates that nicotine self-administration does not only occur in the absence of alternative reinforcement options. As a model of human nicotine use, concurrent access is more naturalistic and has higher face validity than procedures in which only one reinforcer is available or choosing one reinforcer precludes access to other reinforcers. As such, this procedure could be useful for evaluating therapeutic agents and improving our understanding of environmental conditions that promote or discourage nicotine use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.