Trial reportPloS one2014
Safety and effectiveness of combination antiretroviral therapy during the first year of treatment in HIV-1 infected Rwandan children: a prospective study.
Trial report in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The prevalence of adverse drug reactions to antiretroviral therapy and associated factors among pediatric patients living with HIV in sub-Saharan African countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and predictors of virological failure in pediatric patients on HAART in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Pan African medical journal · 2023Pooled it
- Accuracy of measures for antiretroviral adherence in people living with HIV.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Variability of efavirenz plasma concentrations among pediatric HIV patients treated with efavirenz based combination antiretroviral therapy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2018Trial
- Article
- Determinants of viral load suppression among adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in Eswatini: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Developing contents for a digital adherence tool: A formative mixed-methods study among children and adolescents living with HIV in Tanzania.PLOS digital health · 2023Article
- Article
- Determinants of viral load suppression among orphaned and vulnerable children living with HIV on ART in Tanzania.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Incidence and Predictors of Treatment Failure Among Children Receiving First-Line Antiretroviral Treatment in General Hospitals of Two Zones, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019.Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics · 2020Article
- Dose-dependent neurocognitive deficits following postnatal day 10 HIV-1 viral protein exposure: Relationship to hippocampal anatomy parameters.International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience · 2018Article
- Immunological and Virological Responses to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-1 Infected Children.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2017Article
- Hepatic, Renal, Hematologic, and Inflammatory Markers in HIV-Infected Children on Long-term Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWith increased availability of paediatric combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in resource limited settings, cART outcomes and factors associated with outcomes should be assessed.
methodsHIV-infected children <15 years of age, initiating cART in Kigali, Rwanda, were followed for 18 months. Prospective clinical and laboratory assessments included weight-for-age (WAZ) and height-for-age (HAZ) z-scores, complete blood cell count, liver transaminases, creatinine and lipid profiles, CD4 T-cell count/percent, and plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration. Clinical success was defined as WAZ and WAZ >-2, immunological success as CD4 cells ≥500/mm3 and ≥25% for respectively children over 5 years and under 5 years, and virological success as a plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration <40 copies/mL.
resultsBetween March 2008 and December 2009, 123 HIV-infected children were included. The median (interquartile (IQR) age at cART initiation was 7.4 (3.2, 11.5) years; 40% were <5 years and 54% were female. Mean (95% confidence interval (95%CI)) HAZ and WAZ at baseline were -2.01 (-2.23, -1.80) and -1.73 (-1.95, -1.50) respectively and rose to -1.75 (-1.98, -1.51) and -1.17 (-1.38, -0.96) after 12 months of cART. The median (IQR) CD4 T-cell values for children <5 and ≥5 years of age were 20% (13, 28) and 337 (236, 484) cells/mm3 respectively, and increased to 36% (28, 41) and 620 (375, 880) cells/mm3. After 12 months of cART, 24% of children had a detectable viral load, including 16% with virological failure (HIV-RNA>1000 c/mL). Older age at cART initiation, poor adherence, and exposure to antiretrovirals around birth were associated with virological failure. A third (33%) of children had side effects (by self-report or clinical assessment), but only 9% experienced a severe side effect requiring a cART regimen change.
conclusionscART in Rwandan HIV-infected children was successful but success might be improved further by initiating cART as early as possible, optimizing adherence and optimizing management of side effects.
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