ArticleJournal of psychoactive drugs
Investigation of "bath salts" use patterns within an online sample of users in the United States.
Article in Journal of psychoactive drugs. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synthetic Cathinones and Neurotoxicity Risks: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- 4-Bromomethcathinone (4-BMC) Revisited: The First Reported Fatal Case and Toxicological Insights.Metabolites · 2026Article
- The rising wave of cathinone use in people attending harm reduction facilities: a French repeated cross-sectional study (2019-2023).Addiction science & clinical practice · 2026Article
- Exploratory untargeted metabolomics analysis reveals differences in metabolite profiles in pregnant people exposed vs. unexposed to E-cigarettes secondhand in the NYU children's health and environment study.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular and locomotor effects of binary mixtures of common 'bath salts' constituents: Studies with methylone, methylenedioxypyrovalerone and caffeine in rats.British journal of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Effects of access condition on substance use disorder-like phenotypes in male and female rats self-administering MDPV or cocaine.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Effects of access condition on substance use disorder-like phenotypes in male and female rats self-administering MDPV or cocaine.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Cardiovascular and Locomotor Effects of Binary Mixtures of Common "Bath Salts" Constituents: Studies with Methylone, MDPV, and Caffeine in Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Impacts of Self-Administered 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) Alone, and in Combination with Caffeine, on Recognition Memory and Striatal Monoamine Neurochemistry in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats: Comparisons with Methamphetamine and Cocaine.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Relative reinforcing effects of cocaine and 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) under a concurrent access self-administration procedure in rats.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Effects of α-pyrrolidino-phenone cathinone stimulants on locomotor behavior in female rats.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- MDPV "high-responder" rats also self-administer more oxycodone than their "low-responder" counterparts under a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement.Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Interactions between reinforcement history and drug-primed reinstatement: Studies with MDPV and mixtures of MDPV and caffeine.Addiction biology · 2021Article
- MDPV self-administration in female rats: influence of reinforcement history.Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Behavioral economic demand as a unifying language for addiction science: Promoting collaboration and integration of animal and human models.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2020Review
- Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-like discriminative stimulus effects of seven cathinones in rats.Behavioural pharmacology · 2020Article
- High ambient temperature increases the toxicity and lethality of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and methcathinone.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2020Article
- The Hotel Room Purchase Task: Effects of Gender and Partner Desirability on Demand for Hypothetical Sex in Individuals with Disordered Cocaine Use and Controls.Archives of sexual behavior · 2020Article
- Synthetic psychoactive cathinones: hypothermia and reduced lethality compared to methamphetamine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
"Bath salts" are synthetic stimulant "legal highs" that have recently been banned in the US. Epidemiological data regarding bath salts use are limited. In the present study, 113 individuals in the US reporting use of bath salts completed an anonymous, online survey characterizing demographic, experiential, and psychological variables. Respondents were more often male, 18-24 years old, and Caucasian/White with some college education. Past-year use was typically low (≤ 10 days), but marked by repeated dosing. Intranasal was the most frequently reported administration route and subjective effects were similar to other stimulants (e.g., cocaine, amphetamines). Bath salts use was associated with increased sexual desire and sexual HIV risk behavior, and met DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for disordered use in more than half of respondents. Bath salts use persists in the US despite federal bans of cathinone-like constituents. Self-reported stimulant-like effects of bath salts suggest their use as substitutes for traditional illicit stimulants. Data revealed more normative outcomes vis-à-vis extreme accounts by media and medical case reports. However, indications of product abuse potential and sexual risk remain, suggesting bath salts pose potential public health harm.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.