Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25364248›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2014

Microbubbles coupled to methotrexate-loaded liposomes for ultrasound-mediated delivery of methotrexate across the blood-brain barrier.

Xiang Wang, Ping Liu, Weixiao Yang, Lu Li, Peijing Li, Zheng Liu, Zhongxiong Zhuo, Yunhua Gao

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Xiang WangDepartment of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
Ping LiuDepartment of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
Weixiao YangDepartment of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
Lu LiDepartment of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
Peijing LiDepartment of Ultrasound, General Hospital of the Jinan Military Area, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
Zheng LiuDepartment of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
Zhongxiong ZhuoDepartment of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
Yunhua GaoDepartment of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
Army Medical University · CNJinan Military General Hospital · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Methotrexate (MTX) is the single most effective agent for the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Currently, the delivery of MTX to the brain is achieved by high systemic doses, which cause severe long-term neurotoxicity, or intrathecal administration, which is highly invasive and may lead to infections or hemorrhagic complications. Acoustically active microbubbles have been developed as drug carriers for the noninvasive and brain-targeted delivery of therapeutics. However, their application is limited by their low drug-loading capacity. To overcome this limitation, we prepared microbubbles coupled to MTX-loaded liposomes using ZHIFUXIAN, a novel type of microbubbles with a superior safety profile and long circulation time. MTX-liposome-coupled microbubbles had a high drug-loading capacity of 8.91%± 0.86%, and their size (2.64 ± 0.93 μm in diameter) was suitable for intravenous injection. When used with ultrasound, they showed more potent in vitro cytotoxicity against Walker-256 cancer cells than MTX alone or MTX-loaded liposomes. When Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to sonication, administration of these MTX-liposome-coupled microbubbles via the tail vein led to targeted disruption of the blood-brain barrier without noticeable tissue or capillary damage. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the brain MTX concentration showed that MTX delivery to the brain followed the order of MTX-liposome-coupled microbubbles + ultrasound (25.3 ± 2.4 μg/g) > unmodified ZHIFUXIAN + MTX + ultrasound (18.6 ± 2.2 μg/g) > MTX alone (6.97 ± 0.75 μg/g) > MTX-liposome-coupled microbubbles (2.92 ± 0.39 μg/g). Therefore, treatment with MTX-liposome-coupled microbubbles and ultrasound resulted in a significantly higher brain MTX concentration than all other treatments (P<0.01). These results suggest that MTX-liposome-coupled microbubbles may hold great promise as new and effective therapies for primary central nervous system lymphoma and other central nervous system malignancies.

Indexed as

MicrobubblesAnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsBlood-Brain BarrierBrainBrain ChemistryCell Line, TumorCell ProliferationCell SurvivalEvans BlueLiposomesMethotrexateRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySonicationAntineoplastic AgentsEvans BlueLiposomesMethotrexateblood–brain barrierliposomesmethotrexatemicrobubblesultrasound

Identifiers

PMID25364248
PMCPMC4211917
OpenAlexW2018612712

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.