ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2015
Neurocognitive change in the era of HIV combination antiretroviral therapy: the longitudinal CHARTER study.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 276 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
276 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Development of research on HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder and emerging trends: a visualization analysis via CiteSpace.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions for tobacco use cessation in people living with HIV.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Sex Differences in Neurocognitive Function in Adults with HIV: Patterns, Predictors, and Mechanisms.Current psychiatry reports · 2019Pooled it
- Changes in cognitive performance following combined CogSMART-SA and BrainHQ interventions: a pilot study.BMC neurology · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial testing the efficacy and safety of varenicline for smokers with HIV.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Trial
- No neurocognitive advantage for immediate antiretroviral treatment in adults with greater than 500 CD4+ T-cell counts.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Trial
- Central Nervous System Reservoirs and HIV Cure: Therapeutic Opportunities and Challenges.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- CMV IgG and EBV Cell-Associated DNA Independently Associate With Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index 2.0 Scores in People With HIV on ART.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Review
- HIV Reservoirs in Brain parenchyma and Cerebrospinal Fluid During Suppressive ART: Same-Same or Very Different?Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Central Nervous System T-cell immune architecture, and not HIV burden, tracks with cognition under long-term viral suppression.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Cognitive and fine motor performance in people above 65 years of age with and without HIV.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Smoldering in the sanctuary: HIV-associated brain injury in the ART era.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Microglial reactivity and nodule formation are associated with Synaptodendritic damage in the brains of people with HIV-1.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Elevated neurotransmitter levels in people with HIV are associated with attention function.Neurobiology of disease · 2026Article
- Synergy of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1 Infections in the Human Brain.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A multimodal imaging-based integrative framework for HIV-associated cognitive impairment and treatment response.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Multimodal MRI Radiomics and Machine Learning Identify Node-Level Structural and Functional Alterations in HIV-Associated Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Article
216 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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25 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) can show variable clinical trajectories. Previous longitudinal studies of HAND typically have been brief, did not use adequate normative standards, or were conducted in the context of a clinical trial, thereby limiting our understanding of incident neurocognitive (NC) decline and recovery.
methodsWe investigated the incidence and predictors of NC change over 16-72 (mean, 35) months in 436 HIV-infected participants in the CNS HIV Anti-Retroviral Therapy Effects Research cohort. Comprehensive laboratory, neuromedical, and NC assessments were obtained every 6 months. Published, regression-based norms for NC change were used to generate overall change status (decline vs stable vs improved) at each study visit. Survival analysis was used to examine the predictors of time to NC change.
resultsNinety-nine participants (22.7%) declined, 265 (60.8%) remained stable, and 72 (16.5%) improved. In multivariable analyses, predictors of NC improvements or declines included time-dependent treatment status and indicators of disease severity (current hematocrit, albumin, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase), and baseline demographics and estimated premorbid intelligence quotient, non-HIV-related comorbidities, current depressive symptoms, and lifetime psychiatric diagnoses (overall model P < .0001).
conclusionsNC change is common in HIV infection and appears to be driven by a complex set of risk factors involving HIV disease, its treatment, and comorbid conditions.
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