ReviewApplied and environmental microbiology2015
Quaternary ammonium biocides: efficacy in application.
Review in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 194 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
194 citing papers in PubMed, 543 citations in OpenAlex.
- Use of a Hand Sanitizing Wipe for Reducing Risk of Viral Illness in the Home.Food and environmental virology · 2015Trial
- Upcycling Industrial Lignin Into Cationic Hydrogels With Potential for Sustainable Plant Protection.ChemSusChem · 2026Article
- Rapid efficacy testing of cattle footbath disinfectants by flow cytometry: a laboratory-validated screening method complementary to EN 1656.Journal of veterinary research · 2026Article
- Virus-Dependent Relative Contributions of Citric Acid and Benzalkonium Chloride to the Virucidal Efficacy of Combination Disinfectants.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Aza-Michael Quaternization: Addition of Tertiary Amines to Allenic Michael Acceptors Furnishes Quaternary Ammonium Compounds.JACS Au · 2026Article
- New Biocidal Additive for Resin-Based Dental Composites: Is Modification with Didodecyldimethylammonium Bromide (DDAB) Effective?Polymers · 2026Article
- Marked variations in the effectiveness of commercial disinfectants against clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant bacteria and fungi.Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 2026Article
- SuperBola Cationic Biocides with an Extended Bolaamphiphilic Structure: How Much Is Too Much?ACS infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial activity and toxicological evaluation of didecyldimethyl-ammonium chloride complexed with fatty alcohol ethoxylate.Veterinary world · 2026Article
- Quaternary Ammonium Biocide Resistance in Non-TyphoidalVeterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Concentration- and Time-Dependent Virucidal Responses of Major Transboundary Animal Disease Viruses to Disinfectants.Viruses · 2026Article
- Review
- Antiseptics as effective virucidal agents against SARS-CoV-2: Systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.The Japanese dental science review · 2025Review
- Impact of Exposure to Disinfectants on Presence of Efflux Pump Genes and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles inMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Novel Alginate-Based Physical Hydrogels: Promising Cleaning Tools for Sensitive Artifacts.Polymers · 2025Article
- Article
- Antimicrobial and Biofilm Inhibition Activity of Novel Biobased Quaternary Ammonium Salts.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Effects of Antiseptic Formulations on Oral Microbiota and Related Systemic Diseases: A Scoping Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Surface-coated paper packaging with nanocellulose modified with quaternary ammonium organosilane and precipitated calcium carbonate for improved water repellency and antibacterial activity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comprehensive evaluation of bioactive properties and metabolomic profiling of probiotic bacteria Lactococcus lactis (MKL8).Scientific reports · 2025Article
134 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are among the most commonly used disinfectants. There has been concern that their widespread use will lead to the development of resistant organisms, and it has been suggested that limits should be place on their use. While increases in tolerance to QACs have been observed, there is no clear evidence to support the development of resistance to QACs. Since efflux pumps are believe to account for at least some of the increased tolerance found in bacteria, there has been concern that this will enhance the resistance of bacteria to certain antibiotics. QACs are membrane-active agents interacting with the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and lipids of viruses. The wide variety of chemical structures possible has seen an evolution in their effectiveness and expansion of applications over the last century, including non-lipid-containing viruses (i.e., noroviruses). Selection of formulations and methods of application have been shown to affect the efficacy of QACs. While numerous laboratory studies on the efficacy of QACs are available, relatively few studies have been conducted to assess their efficacy in practice. Better standardized tests for assessing and defining the differences between increases in tolerance versus resistance are needed. The ecological dynamics of microbial communities where QACs are a main line of defense against exposure to pathogens need to be better understood in terms of sublethal doses and antibiotic resistance.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.