ArticleOncotarget2014
Metformin and erlotinib synergize to inhibit basal breast cancer.
Article in Oncotarget, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification and validation of prognostic genes associated with T-cell exhaustion and macrophage polarization in breast cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Multifaceted role of erlotinib in various cancer: nanotechnology intervention, patent landscape, and advancements in clinical trials.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Emerging Therapies for Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2024Review
- Antidiabetic Drugs in Breast Cancer Patients.Cancers · 2024Review
- A SERS/fluorescence dual-mode immuno-nanoprobe for investigating two anti-diabetic drugs on EGFR expressions.Mikrochimica acta · 2023Article
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- Potential of mRNA vaccines to become versatile cancer vaccines.World journal of clinical oncology · 2022Review
- RETRACTED: Metformin and Breast Cancer: Where Are We Now?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in breast cancer (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Review
- Review
- Drug Repurposing, an Attractive Strategy in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment: Preclinical and Clinical Updates.Cancers · 2021Review
- NVP-BEZ235 or JAKi Treatment leads to decreased survival of examined GBM and BBC cells.Cancer treatment and research communications · 2021Article
- Phase 1 Study of Erlotinib and Metformin in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Clinical breast cancer · 2020Article
- Metformin: The Answer to Cancer in a Flower? Current Knowledge and Future Prospects of Metformin as an Anti-Cancer Agent in Breast Cancer.Biomolecules · 2019Review
- Glyoxalase 1 sustains the metastatic phenotype of prostate cancer cells via EMT control.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2018Article
- Metformin inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the phosphorylation of Akt.Oncology letters · 2018Article
- Article
- β-Elemene Synergizes With Gefitinib to Inhibit Stem-Like Phenotypes and Progression of Lung Cancer via Down-Regulating EZH2.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018Article
- Heterogeneous drug penetrance of veliparib and carboplatin measured in triple negative breast tumors.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancers (BBCs) are enriched for increased EGFR expression and decreased expression of PTEN. We found that treatment with metformin and erlotinib synergistically induced apoptosis in a subset of BBC cell lines. The drug combination led to enhanced reduction of EGFR, AKT, S6 and 4EBP1 phosphorylation, as well as prevented colony formation and inhibited mammosphere outgrowth. Our data with other compounds suggested that biguanides combined with EGFR inhibitors have the potential to outperform other targeted drug combinations and could be employed in other breast cancer subtypes, as well as other tumor types, with activated EGFR and PI3K signaling. Analysis of BBC cell line alterations led to the hypothesis that loss of PTEN sensitized cells to the drug combination which was confirmed using isogenic cell line models with and without PTEN expression. Combined metformin and erlotinib led to partial regression of PTEN-null and EGFR-amplified xenografted MDA-MB-468 BBC tumors with evidence of significant apoptosis, reduction of EGFR and AKT signaling, and lack of altered plasma insulin levels. Combined treatment also inhibited xenografted PTEN null HCC-70 BBC cells. Measurement of trough plasma drug levels in xenografted mice and a separately performed pharmacokinetics modeling study support possible clinical translation.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.