ArticleAIDS care2015
"What makes you think you have special privileges because you are a police officer?" A qualitative exploration of police's role in the risk environment of female sex workers.
Article in AIDS care, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of sexual violence against sex workers: implications for mental and sexual health.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Associations between sex work laws and sex workers' health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative and qualitative studies.PLoS medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Policing practices as a structural determinant for HIV among sex workers: a systematic review of empirical findings.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2016Pooled it
- HIV- and sex work-related stigmas and quality of life of female sex workers living with HIV in South Africa: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Policing as a social determinant of health in three decades of public health research: A systematic review.SSM - population health · 2025Review
- Exploring Perceptions and Experiences of Health Needs Among Women Who Sell Sex.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- Article
- Experiences of Sex Workers in Chicago during COVID-19: A Qualitative Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Who Asks About HIV/STI Status?: An Analysis of Women Who Sell Sex and Inject Drugs.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Criminalization and coercion: sexual encounters with police among a longitudinal cohort of women who exchange sex in Baltimore, Maryland.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Social and structural determinants of health associated with police violence victimization: A latent class analysis of female sex workers who use drugs in Kazakhstan.The International journal on drug policy · 2022Article
- Co-occurring Threats to Agency Among Female Sex Workers in Baltimore, Maryland.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2022Article
- The role of local business employees and community members in the HIV risk environment of female sex workers in an urban setting: associations between negative interactions and inconsistent condom use.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Negotiating sex work and client interactions in the context of a fentanyl-related overdose epidemic.Culture, health & sexuality · 2021Article
- Patterns of Sex Work Client Solicitation Settings and Associations with HIV/STI Risk Among a Cohort of Female Sex Workers in Baltimore, Maryland.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
- Sex workers as mothers: Correlates of engagement in sex work to support children.Global social welfare : research, policy & practice · 2021Article
- Polyvictimization Among Russian Sex Workers: Intimate Partner, Police, and Pimp Violence Cluster With Client Violence.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2021Article
- Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Construct Validity of the Internalized Sex Work Stigma Scale among a Cohort of Cisgender Female Sex Workers in Baltimore, Maryland, United States.Journal of sex research · 2021Article
- Intersectional structural vulnerability to abusive policing among people who inject drugs: A mixed methods assessment in California's central valley.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Police Reporting for Partner Violence in the National Crime Victimization Survey and Survivor-Led Interpretation.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Worldwide, female sex workers (FSWs) have high rates of HIV. Many factors that escalate their risk lay outside of their control, primarily in the environments in which they practice sex. An understudied yet powerful risk environment is that of police. We qualitatively explored sex workers' interactions with police in their personal and professional lives. Thirty-five FSWs were purposively sampled in Baltimore, MD, in 2012. Women discussed experiences of police verbal harassment, sexual exploitation, extortion, and a lack of police responsiveness to 911 calls in emergencies, largely partner violence. Women's mistrust of police was often developed at an early age and further reinforced by interactions in their personal and professional lives. The study underscores the need for targeting police in reducing sex workers' HIV and other risks. The case for police's role in generating risk is evident, which could be addressed through structural interventions targeting both police practices and policies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.