ArticlePloS one2014
Hydrogel-forming microneedles prepared from "super swelling" polymers combined with lyophilised wafers for transdermal drug delivery.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 316 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Advancements and challenges in ophthalmic microneedles to treat eye diseases.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- Sustainable Hydrogel-Forming Microneedle-Reservoir Patches for Transdermal Delivery of Hydrophilic Macromolecules: Biopolymers, Green Manufacturing and Translation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Advances in veterinary drug and vaccine delivery: from conventional delivery methods to innovative transdermal approaches.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Thermosensitive Alginate/Carrageenan-Stearic Acid Dissolving Microneedles Incorporating Liposome-Coated Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Controlled Caffeine Delivery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Preserving the gut microbiome: hydrogel-forming microneedle delivery of tetracycline reduces gut microbiome disruption compared to oral administration.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Transdermal ropivacaine delivery via hydrogel-forming microneedles: A pain-free alternative for local anaesthesia.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Technical challenges and quality considerations for dissolving microneedles.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Advances of microneedle technology for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- MiRNAs in Interstitial Skin Fluid Sampled with Swellable Hydrogel Microneedles Are Locally Deregulated Near Malignant Skin Lesions in Early Stages of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Article
- Drug-Loaded Hydrogel Microneedles for Sustainable Transdermal Delivery of Macromolecular Proteins.Current drug delivery · 2026Article
- Upconverting Nanoparticle-Loaded Microneedles for Near-Infrared Responsive Delivery of Gonadotropins to Increase Success of In Vitro Fertilization.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Polymeric Microneedles: Advancing Potential Through Innovative Manufacturing, Polymer Design, and Characterization Techniques.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Assessment of leachables and extractables in "super-swelling" hydrogel-forming microarray patches.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Biodegradable Microneedle for Enhanced Transdermal Drug Delivery: Trends and Techniques.Methods and protocols · 2025Review
- Evolving transdermal therapeutics: a review on self-dissolving polymeric microneedlesRSC advances · 2025Review
- Suprachoroidal space-inducing hydrogel-forming microneedles (SI-HFMN): An innovative platform for drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Safety Evaluation of Repeated Application of Polymeric Microarray Patches in Miniature Pigs.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Evaluation of physical and chemical modifications to drug reservoirs for stimuli-responsive microneedles.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- Optimizing Photosensitizer Delivery for Effective Photodynamic Inactivation ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We describe, for the first time, hydrogel-forming microneedle arrays prepared from "super swelling" polymeric compositions. We produced a microneedle formulation with enhanced swelling capabilities from aqueous blends containing 20% w/w Gantrez S-97, 7.5% w/w PEG 10,000 and 3% w/w Na2CO3 and utilised a drug reservoir of a lyophilised wafer-like design. These microneedle-lyophilised wafer compositions were robust and effectively penetrated skin, swelling extensively, but being removed intact. In in vitro delivery experiments across excised neonatal porcine skin, approximately 44 mg of the model high dose small molecule drug ibuprofen sodium was delivered in 24 h, equating to 37% of the loading in the lyophilised reservoir. The super swelling microneedles delivered approximately 1.24 mg of the model protein ovalbumin over 24 h, equivalent to a delivery efficiency of approximately 49%. The integrated microneedle-lyophilised wafer delivery system produced a progressive increase in plasma concentrations of ibuprofen sodium in rats over 6 h, with a maximal concentration of approximately 179 µg/ml achieved in this time. The plasma concentration had fallen to 71±6.7 µg/ml by 24 h. Ovalbumin levels peaked in rat plasma after only 1 hour at 42.36±17.01 ng/ml. Ovalbumin plasma levels then remained almost constant up to 6 h, dropping somewhat at 24 h, when 23.61±4.84 ng/ml was detected. This work represents a significant advancement on conventional microneedle systems, which are presently only suitable for bolus delivery of very potent drugs and vaccines. Once fully developed, such technology may greatly expand the range of drugs that can be delivered transdermally, to the benefit of patients and industry. Accordingly, we are currently progressing towards clinical evaluations with a range of candidate molecules.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.