Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25360781›Full record

ArticlePloS one2014

Mortality among people with severe mental disorders who reach old age: a longitudinal study of a community-representative sample of 37,892 men.

Osvaldo P Almeida, Graeme J Hankey, Bu B Yeap, Jonathan Golledge, Paul E Norman, Leon Flicker

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.0field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Care coordination for persons with mental health challenges: a scoping review.International journal of mental health systems · 2025
    Article
  7. Survival following psychiatric diagnoses in early adulthood.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Geroscience-Centric Perspective for Geriatric Psychiatry: Integrating Aging Biology With Geriatric Mental Health Research.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2024
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Osvaldo P AlmeidaSchool of Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; WA Centre for Health & Ageing, Centre for Medical Research, Perth, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia.
Graeme J HankeySchool of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia.
Bu B YeapSchool of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Australia.
Jonathan GolledgeQueensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Australia.
Paul E NormanSchool of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Leon FlickerWA Centre for Health & Ageing, Centre for Medical Research, Perth, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia.
University of Western Australia · AURoyal Perth Hospital · AUSir Charles Gairdner Hospital · AUTownsville Hospital · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSevere mental illnesses are leading causes of disability worldwide. Their prevalence declines with age, possibly due to premature death. It is unclear, however, if people with severe mental disorders who reach older age still have lower life expectancy compared with their peers and if their causes of death differ. METHODS AND

findingsCohort study of a community-representative sample of 37892 Australian men aged 65-85 years in 1996-1998. Follow up was censored on the 31st December 2010. Lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia spectrum, bipolar, depressive and alcohol-induced disorder was established through record linkage. A subsample of 12136 consented to a face-to-face assessment of sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical variables. Information about causes of death was retrieved from the Australian Death Registry. The prevalence of schizophrenia spectrum, bipolar, depressive and alcohol-induced disorders was 1.2%, 0.3%, 2.5% and 1.8%. The mortality hazard for men with a severe mental disorder was 2.3 and their life expectancy was reduced by 3 years. Mortality rates increased with age, but the gap between men with and without severe mental disorders was not attenuated by age. Cardiovascular diseases and cancer were the most frequent causes of death. The excess mortality associated with severe mental disorders could not be explained by measured sociodemographic, lifestyle or clinical variables.

conclusionsThe excess mortality associated with severe mental disorders persists in later life, and the causes of death of younger and older people with severe mental disorders are similar. Hazardous lifestyle choices, suboptimal access to health care, poor compliance with treatments, and greater severity of medical comorbidities may all contribute to this increased mortality. Unlike young adults, most older people will visit their primary care physician at least once a year, offering health professionals an opportunity to intervene in order to minimise the harms associated with severe mental disorders.

Indexed as

AgedAged, 80 and overAustraliaCause of DeathFollow-Up StudiesHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMental DisordersResidence Characteristics

Identifiers

PMID25360781
PMCPMC4216120
OpenAlexW2063083804

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.