ArticleJournal of drug and alcohol research2014
Review of toluene action: clinical evidence, animal studies and molecular targets.
Article in Journal of drug and alcohol research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of toluene concentration: a comparative assessment of indoor air quality in residential buildings.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Assessment of Homologous Recombination System Gene Expression in Chemologically Induced Carcinogenesis In Vivo Models.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Mechanochemistry-Driven Borrowing Hydrogen Processes for Ru-Catalyzed N-Alkylation: A Pathway to Enhanced Sustainability and Efficiency.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- Repeated toluene inhalation in male and female adolescent rats induces persistent drug preference and impairs cognitive and social behavior.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- An educational case of toluene intoxication: importance of kidney function and timing in diagnosis.CEN case reports · 2025Article
- Toluene Toxicity in the Brain: From Cellular Targets to Molecular Mechanisms.Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2025Review
- Investigating the general effects of different types of toluene exposure on the health of workers: an integrative review of the literature.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- In-Depth Analysis ofBiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Development of a Smartwatch with Gas and Environmental Sensors for Air Quality Monitoring.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Potential Effects of Low-Level Toluene Exposure on the Nervous System of Mothers and Infants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Exposure to volatile hydrocarbons and neurologic function among oil spill workers up to 6 years after the Deepwater Horizon disaster.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2023Article
- Motor dysfunction iniScience · 2022Article
- Extraction and Fractionation of Prokinetic Phytochemicals fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Intranasal Methylprednisolone Ameliorates Neuroinflammation Induced by Chronic Toluene Exposure.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Molecular evidence of the amelioration of toluene induced encephalopathy by human breast milk mesenchymal stem cells.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Toluene Can Disrupt Rat Ovarian Follicullogenesis and Steroidogenesis and Induce Both Autophagy and Apoptosis.Biology · 2021Article
- Polymer Optical Microcavity Sensor for Volatile Organic Compounds with Distinct Selectivity toward Aromatic Hydrocarbons.ACS omega · 2021Article
- A teenager presenting with anuric acute renal failure and metabolic acidosis with a high anion gap: Answers.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
It has long been known that individuals will engage in voluntary inhalation of volatile solvents for their rewarding effects. However, research into the neurobiology of these agents has lagged behind that of more commonly used drugs of abuse such as psychostimulants, alcohol and nicotine. This imbalance has begun to shift in recent years as the serious effects of abused inhalants, especially among children and adolescents, on brain function and behavior have become appreciated and scientifically documented. In this review, we discuss the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of toluene, a representative member of a large class of organic solvents commonly used as inhalants. This is followed by a brief summary of the clinical and pre-clinical evidence showing that toluene and related solvents produce significant effects on brain structures and processes involved in the rewarding aspects of drugs. This is highlighted by tables highlighting toluene's effect on behaviors (reward, motor effects, learning, etc.) and cellular proteins (e.g. voltage and ligand-gated ion channels) closely associated the actions of abused substances. These sections demonstrate not only the significant progress that has been made in understanding the neurobiological basis for solvent abuse but also reveal the challenges that remain in developing a coherent understanding of this often overlooked class of drugs of abuse.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.