ArticleAmerican journal of translational research2014
Serum metabolomic profiles suggest influence of sex and oral contraceptive use.
Article in American journal of translational research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protein Requirements of Pre-Menopausal Female Athletes: Systematic Literature Review.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Sex Modifies Metabolic Pathways Associated with Lipids in Untargeted Metabolomics: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study, 2005-2006.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Cross-sectional and longitudinal metabolomics-based profiles associated with oral contraceptive and progestin-only pill use: A Finnish population-based study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Variants inGenes · 2025Review
- Reference Intervals of Serum Metabolites and Lipids of a Healthy Chinese Population Determined by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Serum concentrations of lipids, ketones and acylcarnitines during the postprandial and fasting state: the Postprandial Metabolism (PoMet) study in healthy young adults.The British journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Unraveling sex-specific risks of knee osteoarthritis before menopause: Do sex differences start early in life?Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2024Review
- New perspectives on 'Breathomics': metabolomic profiling of non-volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath using DI-FT-ICR-MS.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Past or Present; Which Exposures Predict Metabolomic Aging Better? The Doetinchem Cohort Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- Metabolomic Profiling of Hormonal Contraceptive Use in Young Females Using a Commercially Available LC-MS/MS Kit.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Sex differences in body composition and serum metabolome responses to sustained, physical training suggest enhanced fat oxidation in women compared with men.Physiological genomics · 2023Article
- Article
- Normative Data on Serum and Plasma Tryptophan and Kynurenine Concentrations from 8089 Individuals Across 120 Studies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2023Article
- Metabolomic profiling of CSF and blood serum elucidates general and sex-specific patterns for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease patients.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- Sex differences in the human metabolome.Biology of sex differences · 2022Review
- Urinary metabotype of severe asthma evidences decreased carnitine metabolism independent of oral corticosteroid treatment in the U-BIOPRED study.The European respiratory journal · 2022Article
- Challenges in Metabolomics-Based Tests, Biomarkers Revealed by Metabolomic Analysis, and the Promise of the Application of Metabolomics in Precision Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Contraceptive use in women with inherited metabolic disorders: a retrospective study and literature review.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2022Review
- Combined Oral Contraceptive Treatment Does Not Alter the Gut Microbiome but Affects Amino Acid Metabolism in Sera of Obese Girls With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Lifestyle correlates of eight breast cancer-related metabolites: a cross-sectional study within the EPIC cohort.BMC medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimConsidering that the effects of sex and oral contraceptives (OCs) on blood metabolites have been scarcely studied and the fact that protocol designs for clinical trials emphasise the use of contraception for women of childbearing potential, we examined if OCs and sex affect the serum levels of the physiologically relevant amino acids, carnitine and acylcarnitines, using metabolomics approaches.
methodsHealthy adult men and women were enrolled. They were drug free with the exception of women taking cyclic format OCs (ethinylestradiol + different progestins). OCs-free women were analysed during the follicular phase, and amino acids, free carnitine and acylcarnitines were measured using HPLC or LC-MS/MS, respectively.
resultsMen had significantly higher leucine, isoleucine, methionine, asparagine, proline, valine, tyrosine, glutamine+glutamate, glutamate, histidine and citrulline than OCs-free women, while tryptophan was significantly lower in men. OCs use significantly decreased the levels of glycine, proline, histidine, lysine, hydroxyproline and ornithine and increased isoleucine levels when compared with non-user women. OCs use reduced, although not significantly, carnitine levels in women. Total esterified carnitines were higher in untreated women than in OCs users. Globally, the effect of OCs and sex was specific for the individual esterified carnitine. The observed metabolic changes were not attributable to renal or hepatic functions or to differences in body weight.
conclusionsThe assessed parameters were specifically influenced by sex, highlighting the need to have reference values for women and men. The major novelty of this study is the demonstration that OCs specifically change the profiles of serum amino acids and carnitine, which suggests that OCs users and non-users should be represented in clinical trials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
25360225PMC4212935W280707362What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.