Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25359711›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2014

Time series analysis of demographic and temporal trends of tuberculosis in Singapore.

Win Wah, Sourav Das, Arul Earnest, Leo Kang Yang Lim, Cynthia Bin Eng Chee, Alex Richard Cook, Yee Tang Wang, Khin Mar Kyi Win, Marcus Eng Hock Ong, Li Yang Hsu

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Asthma, Sinonasal Disease, and the Risk of Active Tuberculosis.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2019
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Win Wah
Sourav Das
Arul Earnest
Leo Kang Yang Lim
Cynthia Bin Eng Chee
Alex Richard Cook
Yee Tang Wang
Khin Mar Kyi Win
Marcus Eng Hock Ong
Li Yang HsuCentre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology & Research, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and NUHS, Singapore, Singapore. Liyang_hsu@yahoo.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSingapore is an intermediate tuberculosis (TB) incidence country, with a recent rise in TB incidence from 2008, after a fall in incidence since 1998. This study identified population characteristics that were associated with the recent increase in TB cases, and built a predictive model of TB risk in Singapore.

methodsRetrospective time series analysis was used to study TB notification data collected from 1995 to 2011 from the Singapore Tuberculosis Elimination Program (STEP) registry. A predictive model was developed based on the data collected from 1995 to 2010 and validated using the data collected in 2011.

resultsThere was a significant difference in demographic characteristics between resident and non-resident TB cases. TB risk was higher in non-residents than in residents throughout the period. We found no significant association between demographic and macro-economic factors and annual incidence of TB with or without adjusting for the population-at-risk. Despite growing non-resident population, there was a significant decrease in the non-resident TB risk (p < 0.0001). However, there was no evidence of trend in the resident TB risk over this time period, though differences between different demographic groups were apparent with ethnic minorities experiencing higher incidence rates.

conclusionThe study found that despite an increasing size of non-resident population, TB risk among non-residents was decreasing at a rate of about 3% per year. There was an apparent seasonality in the TB reporting.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overDemographyEmigrants and ImmigrantsForecastingHumansIncidenceMiddle AgedModels, TheoreticalPopulation GroupsRetrospective StudiesSingaporeSocioeconomic FactorsTime Factors

Identifiers

PMID25359711
PMCPMC4230736

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.