ArticleEnvironmental toxicology and chemistry2015
Metformin exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations causes potential endocrine disruption in adult male fish.
Article in Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 168 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural abnormalities in erythrocytes and a potential denucleation process induced by metformin, compromising cell viability in specimens of Astyanax lacustris (Pisces, Characidae).Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Article
- Reproductive Impact of Natural, Synthetic and Emerging Chemicals on Wildlife and Domestic Animals.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Enhanced Adsorption of Metformin Using Cu and ZnO Nanoparticles Anchored on Carboxylated Graphene Oxide.Polymers · 2025Article
- Toxicological assessment of exposure to pharmaceutical effluents in rats for 28 days by repeated oral dose.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Role of Environmental Photocatalysts and Organic Matter on the Degradation and Toxicity of Metformin Hydrochloride.Toxics · 2025Article
- Metformin's Enigma: Bridging Gaps in Research on Potential Benefits & Associated Risks - A Critical Plea for Comprehensive Investigation [Response to Letter].Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Article
- Journey of micronanoplastics with blood components.RSC advances · 2023Review
- Evaluation of Complex Mixture Toxicity in the Milwaukee Estuary (WI, USA) Using Whole-Mixture and Component-Based Evaluation Methods.Environmental toxicology and chemistry · 2023Article
- Molecular Responses of Daphnids to Chronic Exposures to Pharmaceuticals.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Metformin: A Review of Potential Mechanism and Therapeutic Utility Beyond Diabetes.Drug design, development and therapy · 2023Review
- Sensitive and Specific Detection of Estrogens Featuring Doped Silicon Nanowire Arrays.ACS omega · 2022Article
- Effects of Metformin and its Metabolite Guanylurea on Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) Reproduction.Environmental toxicology and chemistry · 2022Article
- Article
- Modeling Risk Dynamics of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in a Temperate-region Wastewater Effluent-dominated Stream.Environmental science : water research & technology · 2022Article
- Hypothesis: Metformin is a potential reproductive toxicant.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Coral Ecotoxicological Data Evaluation for the Environmental Safety Assessment of Ultraviolet Filters.Environmental toxicology and chemistry · 2021Article
- Developmental phenotypic and transcriptomic effects of exposure to nanomolar levels of metformin in zebrafish.Environmental toxicology and pharmacology · 2021Article
- Continuous adsorptive removal of glimepiride using multi-walled carbon nanotubes in fixed-bed column.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Effects of short-term exposure of paracetamol in the gonads of blue mussels Mytilus edulis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are emerging contaminants that have been found ubiquitously in wastewater and surface waters around the world. A major source of these compounds is incomplete metabolism in humans and subsequent excretion in human waste, resulting in discharge into surface waters by wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. One pharmaceutical found in particularly high abundance in recent WWTP effluent and surface water studies is metformin, one of the world's most widely prescribed antidiabetic drugs. Interactions between insulin signaling and steroidogenesis suggest potential endocrine-disrupting effects of metformin found in the aquatic environment. Adult fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were chronically exposed to metformin for 4 wk, at 40 µg/L, a level similar to the average found in WWTP effluent in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Genetic endpoints related to metabolism and endocrine function as well as reproduction-related endpoints were examined. Metformin treatment induced significant up-regulation of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) encoding the egg-protein vitellogenin in male fish, an indication of endocrine disruption. The present study, the first to study the effects of environmentally relevant metformin exposure in fathead minnows, demonstrates the need for further study of the endocrine-disrupting effects of metformin in aquatic organisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.