Trial reportPLoS neglected tropical diseases2014
Effectiveness of insecticide spraying and culling of dogs on the incidence of Leishmania infantum infection in humans: a cluster randomized trial in Teresina, Brazil.
Trial report in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- World Association for Veterinary Dermatology Consensus Statement for Diagnosis, and Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment and Prevention of Canine Leishmaniosis.Veterinary dermatology · 2025Guideline
- Vector and reservoir control for preventing leishmaniasis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Knowledge mapping of risk mitigation measures against vector-borne diseases.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- Ocular Involvement as a Key Marker of Systemic Disease in Dogs Naturally Infected withPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Baseline infection prevalence, risk factors and treatment outcomes of visceral leishmaniasis in Northeastern Uganda: A cross-sectional study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Finding Priority Areas in the Evaluation of Strategies for the Prevention of Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Municipality of Brazil.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A 2022 Updated Narrative Review into Diagnosis and Management Developments.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2022Review
- India's performance in controlling Visceral Leishmaniasis as compared to Brazil over past three decades: findings from global burden of disease study.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2021Article
- Canine serological survey and dog culling ant its relationship with human visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic urban area.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Immunoprophylactic Potential of a New RecombinantFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Natural infection by Leishmania infantum in the Lutzomyia longipalpis population of an endemic coastal area to visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil is not associated with bioclimatic factors.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- An Overview of Immunotherapeutic Approaches Against Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis: What Has Been Tested on Dogs and a New Perspective on Improving Treatment Efficacy.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- Effectiveness of the Brazilian Visceral Leishmaniasis Surveillance and Control Programme in reducing the prevalence and incidence of Leishmania infantum infection.Parasites & vectors · 2018Article
- Safety Analysis ofThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2018Article
- Article
- Canine visceral leishmaniasis: Diagnosis and management of the reservoir living among us.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Review
- Changing epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in northeastern Brazil: a 25-year follow-up of an urban outbreak.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2017Article
- The performance of serological tests for Leishmania infantum infection screening in dogs depends on the prevalence of the disease.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2017Article
- Differences in immune responses against Leishmania induced by infection and by immunization with killed parasite antigen: implications for vaccine discovery.Parasites & vectors · 2016Review
- Risk Profiles for Leishmania infantum Infection in Brazil.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo evaluate the effect of insecticide spraying for vector control and elimination of infected dogs on the incidence of human infection with L. infantum, a randomized community intervention trial was carried out in the city of Teresina, Brazil. METHODS/PRINCIPAL
findingsWithin each of ten localities in the city, four blocks were selected and randomized to 4 interventions: 1) spraying houses and animal pens with insecticide; 2) eliminating infected dogs; 3) combination of spraying and eliminating dogs, and 4) nothing. The main outcome is the incidence of infection assessed by the conversion of the Montenegro skin test (MST) after 18 months of follow-up in residents aged ≥ 1 year with no previous history of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Reactions were measured at 48-72 h, induration of ≥ 5 mm considered positive. Interventions were executed after the baseline interview and repeated 6 and 12 months later. The effects of each type of intervention scheme on the incidence of infection were assessed by calculating relative risks and 95% confidence intervals using Poisson population-averaged regression models with robust variance. Among the 1105 participants, 408 (37%) were MST positive at baseline. Of the 697 negatives, only 423 (61%) were reexamined at the end of the follow-up; 151 (36%) of them converted to a positive MST. Only dog culling had some statistically significant effect on reducing the incidence of infection, with estimates of effectiveness varying between 27% and 52%, depending on the type of analysis performed. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: In light of the continuous spread of VL in Brazil despite the large scale deployment of insecticide spraying and dog culling, the relatively low to moderate effectiveness of dog culling and the non-significant effect of insecticide spraying on the incidence of human infection, we conclude that there is an urgent need for revision of the Brazilian VL control program.
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