ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2015
Avian influenza A(H5N1) and A(H9N2) seroprevalence and risk factors for infection among Egyptians: a prospective, controlled seroepidemiological study.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serological evidence of human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Seroprevalence of H7N9 infection among humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2020Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Practices Exposing Humans to Avian Influenza Viruses, Their Prevalence, and Rationale.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2017Pooled it
- Mapping Reported Modes of Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) to Humans: A Scoping Review.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Article
- Global dynamics of avian influenza: a twenty-year analysis of highly pathogenic viruses linking the Caspian Basin, Eurasia and Africa sectors (2005-2025).Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- A Cross-Sectional Virological and Sero-Epidemiological Study of Exposures to Avian Influenza A(H5N1) and A(H9N2) Viruses in Live Bird Market Workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- Deliberating the scientific evidence base for influenza transmission to raw milk consumers.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2025Review
- Avian Influenza Surveillance Among Migratory Birds, Poultry, and Humans Around Nansi Lake, China, 2021-2024.Viruses · 2025Article
- Developing a method to estimate aerosol generation during poultry slaughtering and defeathering in Bangladesh: An experimental study.Building and environment · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factor for H9N2 avian influenza virus in poultry retail shops of Madhya Pradesh.Virusdisease · 2024Article
- Genetic, biological and epidemiological study on a cluster of H9N2 avian influenza virus infections among chickens, a pet cat, and humans at a backyard farm in Guangxi, China.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- We are underestimating, again, the true burden of H5N1 in humans.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- Correlation of avian influenza-H9N2 with high mortality in broiler flocks in the southwest of Tripoli, Libya.Open veterinary journal · 2023Article
- Review
- Designing and validating a One Health Research Translation Framework through literature-based case studies in Egypt.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Article
- Isolation of Genetically Diverse H5N8 Avian Influenza Viruses in Poultry in Egypt, 2019-2021.Viruses · 2022Article
- Selection of an Optimal Recombinant Egyptian H9N2 Avian Influenza Vaccine Strain for Poultry with High Antigenicity and Safety.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Serologic Evidence of Occupational Exposure to Avian Influenza Viruses at the Wildfowl/Poultry/Human Interface.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Development of a Rapid Fluorescent Diagnostic System to Detect Subtype H9 Influenza A Virus in Chicken Feces.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA(H5N1) and A(H9N2) avian influenza viruses are enzootic in Egyptian poultry, and most A(H5N1) human cases since 2009 have occurred in Egypt. Our understanding of the epidemiology of avian viruses in humans remains limited. Questions about the frequency of infection, the proportion of infections that are mild or subclinical, and the case-fatality rate remain largely unanswered.
methodsWe conducted a 3-year, prospective, controlled, seroepidemiological study that enrolled 750 poultry-exposed and 250 unexposed individuals in Egypt.
resultsAt baseline, the seroprevalence of anti-A(H5N1) antibodies (titer, ≥80) among exposed individuals was 2% significantly higher than that among the controls (0%). Having chronic lung disease was a significant risk factor for infection. Antibodies against A(H9N2) were not detected at baseline when A(H9N2) was not circulating in poultry. At follow-up, A(H9N2) was detected in poultry, and consequently, the seroprevalence among exposed humans was between 5.6% and 7.5%. Vaccination of poultry, older age, and exposure to ducks were risk factors for A(H9N2) infection.
conclusionsResults of this study indicate that the number of humans infected with avian influenza viruses is much larger than the number of reported confirmed cases. In an area where these viruses are enzootic in the poultry, human exposure to and infection with avian influenza becomes more common.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.