ArticleBehavior genetics2015
Combined Influences of Genes, Prenatal Environment, Cortisol, and Parenting on the Development of Children's Internalizing Versus Externalizing Problems.
Article in Behavior genetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between Maternal Anxiety and Children's Problem Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Association of Screen Time With Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems in Children 12 Years or Younger: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Parental characteristics and offspring mental health and related outcomes: a systematic review of genetically informative literature.Translational psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- A Bayesian Modeling Approach to Optimize Longitudinal Biomarker Sampling Schedules Using Hormonal Data.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Article
- Prenatal Superstorm Sandy stress and postnatal affectionless control as a conjoint risk for child psychopathology.Journal of child and family studies · 2025Article
- Right frontal cingulate cortex mediates the effect of prenatal complications on youth internalizing behaviors.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- A broad internalizing dimension accounts for the genetic associations between personality and individual internalizing disorders.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2022Article
- Diurnal Cortisol in Left-Behind Adolescents: Relations to Negative Family Expressiveness and Internalizing Problems.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Family interactions in toddlerhood influence social competence in preschool age: Accounting for genetic and prenatal influences.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Adolescent cortisol and DHEA responses to stress as prospective predictors of emotional and behavioral difficulties: A person-centered approach.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2021Article
- Article
- Maternal and paternal effects on offspring internalizing problems: Results from genetic and family-based analyses.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2020Article
- Developmental Pathways from Genetic, Prenatal, Parenting and Emotional/Behavioral Risk to Cortisol Reactivity and Adolescent Substance Use: A TRAILS Study.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2020Article
- The Early Growth and Development Study: A Dual-Family Adoption Study from Birth Through Adolescence.Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies · 2019Article
- Anxiety in the family: a genetically informed analysis of transactional associations between mother, father and child anxiety symptoms.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2019Article
- Interaction between adoptive mothers' and fathers' depressive symptoms in risk for children's emerging problem behavior.Social development (Oxford, England) · 2019Article
- Parenting and prenatal risk as moderators of genetic influences on conduct problems during middle childhood.Developmental psychology · 2019Article
- The Perinatal Risk Index: Early Risks Experienced by Domestic Adoptees in the United States.PloS one · 2016Article
- Introduction to the special issue on gene-hormone interplay.Behavior genetics · 2015Article
- Developmental trajectories of behavioral inhibition from infancy to age seven: The role of genetic and environmental risk for psychopathology.Child developmentArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Research suggests that genetic, prenatal, endocrine, and parenting influences across development individually contribute to internalizing and externalizing problems in children. The present study tests the combined contributions of genetic risk for psychopathology, prenatal environments (maternal drug use and internalizing symptoms), child cortisol at age 4.5 years, and overreactive parenting influences across childhood on 6-year-old children's internalizing and externalizing problems. We used data from an adoption design that included 361 domestically adopted children and their biological and adopted parents prospectively followed from birth. Only parenting influences contributed (independently) to externalizing problems. However, genetic influences were indirectly associated with internalizing problems (through increased prenatal risk and subsequent morning cortisol), and parenting factors were both directly and indirectly associated with internalizing problems (through morning cortisol). Results suggest that prenatal maternal drug use/symptoms and children's morning cortisol levels are mechanisms of genetic and environmental influences on internalizing problems, but not externalizing problems, in childhood.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.