ReviewNutrients2014
Measuring population sodium intake: a review of methods.
Review in Nutrients, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 189 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
189 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 345 citations in OpenAlex.
- Salt intake and gastric cancer: a pooled analysis within the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2022Pooled it
- Diet and Risk of Gastric Cancer: An Umbrella Review.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Associations of Health Literacy with Blood Pressure and Dietary Salt Intake among Adults: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Salt Reduction Initiatives in the Eastern Mediterranean Region and Evaluation of Progress towards the 2025 Global Target: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Trans Fat Reduction Initiatives in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Change in mean salt intake over time using 24-h urine versus overnight and spot urine samples: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition journal · 2020Pooled it
- Sodium and Potassium Intake and Cardiovascular Disease in Older People: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Twenty-Four-Hour Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Pooled it
- Dose-response association of dietary sodium intake with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.Public health nutrition · 2019Pooled it
- More evidence that salt increases blood pressure and risk of kidney disease from the Science of Salt: A regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes (April-July 2016).Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2017Pooled it
- Review of behaviour change interventions to reduce population salt intake.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2017Pooled it
- The Science of Salt: A Regularly Updated Systematic Review of Salt and Health Outcomes (June and July 2015).Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2016Pooled it
- Nutritional Interventions in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Journal of cardiac failure · 2015Pooled it
- Salt Reduction Initiatives around the World - A Systematic Review of Progress towards the Global Target.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- Nurse-Led Digital Intervention for Sodium Restriction in Chronic Kidney Disease: Mixed Methods Implementation Study.JMIR nursing · 2026Trial
- Effects of a household air pollution intervention using liquefied petroleum gas stoves, continuous fuel distribution and behavioural messaging on dietary and sodium intake of adult women in Puno, Peru: a randomised controlled trial.Public health nutrition · 2023Trial
- A Town-Level Comprehensive Intervention Study to Reduce Salt Intake in China: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Effect of high compared with low dairy intake on blood pressure in overweight middle-aged adults: results of a randomized crossover intervention study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Trial
- Social support, social network and salt-reduction behaviours in children: a substudy of the School-EduSalt trial.BMJ open · 2019Trial
129 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Reduction of population sodium intake has been identified as a key initiative for reduction of Non-Communicable Disease. Monitoring of population sodium intake must accompany public health initiatives aimed at sodium reduction. A number of different methods for estimating dietary sodium intake are currently in use. Dietary assessment is time consuming and often under-estimates intake due to under-reporting and difficulties quantifying sodium concentration in recipes, and discretionary salt. Twenty-four hour urinary collection (widely considered to be the most accurate method) is also burdensome and is limited by under-collection and lack of suitable methodology to accurately identify incomplete samples. Spot urine sampling has recently been identified as a convenient and affordable alternative, but remains highly controversial as a means of monitoring population intake. Studies suggest that while spot urinary sodium is a poor predictor of 24-h excretion in individuals, it may provide population estimates adequate for monitoring. Further research is needed into the accuracy and suitability of spot urine collection in different populations as a means of monitoring sodium intake.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.