ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2014
Cerebral and ocular toxoplasmosis related with IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is Toxoplasma gondii type related to clinical outcome in human congenital infection? Systematic and critical review.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2016Pooled it
- HarnessingAnnals of medicine · 2026Review
- HLA polymorphisms shape divergent outcomes of Toxoplasma and Plasmodium infection in Eastern Indian HbE/β-thalassemia cohort.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Retinal pigment epithelium drives macrophage migration during Toxoplasma gondii infection in vitroMemorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2026Article
- Annexin A1 is crucial during Toxoplasma gondii infection promoting the modulation of inflammation and intestinal and central nervous system barrier functions.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Article
- The role of age in ocular toxoplasmosis: clinical signs of immunosenescence and inflammaging.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- A Combination of Four Nuclear Targeted Effectors ProtectsbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- The effects of intracellular iron availability on the outcome ofJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2023Article
- Activity of isoflavone biochanin A in chronic experimental toxoplasmosis: impact on inflammation.Parasitology research · 2022Article
- Mining the Proteome ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
- Ocular toxoplasmosis: a review of the current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.International ophthalmology · 2022Review
- Impact of IFN-y and CD40 signalling on Toxoplasma gondii cyst formation in differentiated Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells.Parasite immunology · 2022Article
- Overexpression screen of interferon-stimulated genes identifies RARRES3 as a restrictor ofeLife · 2021Article
- Toxoplasma gondii secreted effectors co-opt host repressor complexes to inhibit necroptosis.Cell host & microbe · 2021Article
- Toxoplasma gondii infection and its implications within the central nervous system.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2021Review
- Interferon-γ and IL-10 Release Assay for Patients with Ocular Toxoplasmosis.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
- Human extracellular vesicles and correlation with two clinical forms of toxoplasmosis.PloS one · 2020Article
- Influence of Two MajorFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Article
- An Overview of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells as a Model for Immunological Research ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- Immune Mediator Profile in Aqueous Humor Differs in Patients with Primary Acquired Ocular Toxoplasmosis and Recurrent Acute Ocular Toxoplasmosis.Mediators of inflammation · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study analyzed the synthesis of Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), and Interleukin 10 (IL-10) in chronically infected patients which developed the symptomatic disease as cerebral or ocular toxoplasmosis. Blood from 61 individuals were divided into four groups: Cerebral toxoplasmosis/AIDS patients (CT/AIDS group) (n = 15), ocular toxoplasmosis patients (OT group) (n = 23), chronic toxoplasmosis individuals (CHR group) (n = 13) and healthy individuals (HI group) (n = 10). OT, CHR, and HI groups were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seronegative. The diagnosis was made by laboratorial (PCR and ELISA) and clinical subjects. For cytokine determination, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of each patient were isolated and stimulated in vitro with T. gondii antigen. IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 activities were determined by ELISA. Patients from CT/AIDS and OT groups had low levels of IFN-γ when were compared with those from CHR group. These data suggest the low resistance to develop ocular lesions by the low ability to produce IFN-γ against the parasite. The same patients, which developed ocular or cerebral toxoplasmosis had higher TNF-α levels than CHR individuals. High TNF-α synthesis contribute to the inflammatory response and damage of the choroid and retina in OT patients and in AIDS patients caused a high inflammatory response as the TNF-α synthesis is not affected since monocytes are the major source this cytokine in response to soluble T. gondii antigens. IL-10 levels were almost similar in CT/AIDS and OT patients but low when compared with CHR individuals. The deviation to Th2 immune response including the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 may promote the parasite's survival causing the tissue immune destruction. IL-10 production in T. gondii-infected brains may support the persistence of parasites as down-regulating the intracerebral immune response. All these indicate that OT and CT/AIDS patients produced low levels of IL-10 (Th2 response) and IFN-γ (Th1 response). They produced high TNF-α suggesting a high inflammatory response triggered by the parasite.
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