ArticleMolecular vision2014
Osmoprotectants suppress the production and activity of matrix metalloproteinases induced by hyperosmolarity in primary human corneal epithelial cells.
Article in Molecular vision, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- In Vivo and Impression Cytology Study on the Effect of Compatible Solutes Eye Drops on the Ocular Surface Epithelial Cell Quality in Dry Eye Patients.Mediators of inflammation · 2015Trial
- Oxidative Stress in Dry Eye Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Dry eye-related tear biomarkers MMP-2, MMP-13, and IFN-γ: potential predictors of Type III acute acquired concomitant esotropia.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Identification of Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 as a Potential Biomarker for Dry Eye Disease.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Enhancing Ocular Surface in Dry Eye Disease Patients: A Clinical Evaluation of a Topical Formulation Containing Sesquiterpene Lactone Helenalin.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Comparative Analysis of the Osmoprotective Effects of Daily Disposable Contact Lens Packaging Solutions on Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Tear and Saliva Metabolomics in Evaporative Dry Eye Disease in Females.Metabolites · 2023Article
- A Critical Appraisal of the Physicochemical Properties and Biological Effects of Artificial Tear Ingredients and Formulations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Novel Osmoprotective DOPC-DMPC Liposomes Loaded with Antihypertensive Drugs as Potential Strategy for Glaucoma Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Alleviation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Enhances Human Corneal Epithelial Cell Viability under Hyperosmotic Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Artificial Tears: Biological Role of Their Ingredients in the Management of Dry Eye Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Hyperosmolarity disrupts tight junctionInternational journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- IL-36α/IL-36RA/IL-38 signaling mediates inflammation and barrier disruption in human corneal epithelial cells under hyperosmotic stress.The ocular surface · 2021Article
- Categorization of Marketed Artificial Tear Formulations Based on Their Ingredients: A Rational Approach for Their Use.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Formulation Considerations for the Management of Dry Eye Disease.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Topical Delivery of Levocarnitine to the Cornea and Anterior Eye by Thermosensitive in-situ Gel for Dry Eye Disease.Drug design, development and therapy · 2021Article
- Genistein-Calcitriol Mitigates Hyperosmotic Stress-Induced TonEBP, CFTR Dysfunction, VDR Degradation and Inflammation in Dry Eye Disease.Clinical and translational science · 2021Observational
- The cornea in keratoconjunctivitis sicca.Experimental eye research · 2020Review
- Autophagy Activation Protects Ocular Surface from Inflammation in a Dry Eye Model In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeHyperosmolarity has been recognized as a proinflammatory stress in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease. This study investigated the suppressive effect of osmoprotectants (L-carnitine, erythritol, and betaine) on the production and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in primary human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) exposed to hyperosmotic stress.
methodsPrimary HCECs were established from fresh donor limbal tissue explants. The cultures in iso-osmolar medium (312 mOsM) were switched to hyperosmotic media with or without prior incubation with different concentrations of L-carnitine, erythritol, or betaine (2, 10, or 20 mM). The mRNA expression of the MMPs was determined with reverse transcription and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Protein production and activity were evaluated with immunofluorescent staining and gelatin zymography.
resultsHyperosmotic media (400, 450, or 500 mOsM) significantly stimulated mRNA expression of collagenase MMP-13, gelatinases MMP-9 and MMP-2, stromelysin MMP-3, and matrilysin MMP-7, mostly in an osmolarity-dependent fashion. The stimulated mRNA expression and protein production of these MMPs were significantly but differentially suppressed by L-carnitine, erythritol, or betaine, as evaluated with RT-qPCR and immunofluorescent staining. Interestingly, these osmoprotectants not only suppressed production but also inhibited activation of MMP-9 and MMP-2, as evaluated with gelatin zymography.
conclusionsOur findings for the first time demonstrate that osmoprotectants, L-carnitine, erythritol, and betaine, suppress the gene expression, protein production, and enzymatic activity of MMPs in HCECs exposed to hyperosmotic stress. L-carnitine appears to have the broadest and strongest suppressive effect on these MMPs. These osmoprotectants may have potential effects in protecting ocular surface epithelia from MMP-mediated disorders in dry eye disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
25352733PMC4165325W2140765499What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.