SynthesisThe European journal of neuroscience2015
Stuttering as a trait or state - an ALE meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies.
Synthesis in The European journal of neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT04813588 (Comparison of Pantomiming and Easy Onset Treatment on Blocking in Stammering), which is not on this map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of Pantomiming and Easy Onset Treatment on Blocking in Stammering
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Which software packages did researchers use to meta-analyze fMRI data? A literature survey from 2019 to 2024.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Investigating the feasibility of using transcranial direct current stimulation to enhance fluency in people who stutter.Brain and language · 2017Trial
- Exploring Photobiomodulation as a Potential Novel Intervention for Developmental Stuttering: A Review and Hypothesis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Unraveling the mystery of stuttering: clinical and physiological insights into its manifestation.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- The Speech Network in Childhood Stuttering: Differences in Functional Connectivity of the Planning and Motor Loops.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- The Effects of tDCS on Speech Fluency in People Who Stutter: A Narrative Review.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Review
- Increased Callosal Thickness in Early Trained Opera Singers.Brain topography · 2025Article
- Contemporary clinical conversations about stuttering: What does brain imaging research mean to clinicians?International journal of speech-language pathology · 2025Article
- Stuttering: Our Current Knowledge, Research Opportunities, and Ways to Address Critical Gaps.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- Article
- Knowns and unknowns about the neurobiology of stuttering.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Psychedelics in developmental stuttering to modulate brain functioning: a new therapeutic perspective?Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Article
- Neural oscillatory activity and connectivity in children who stutter during a non-speech motor task.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2023Article
- Brain activity during the preparation and production of spontaneous speech in children with persistent stuttering.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2023Article
- Reinvestigating the Neural Bases Involved in Speech Production of Stutterers: An ALE Meta-Analysis.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Activation in Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Underlies Stuttering Anticipation.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2022Article
- Neural activity during solo and choral reading: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of overt continuous speech production in adults who stutter.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- Structural brain network topological alterations in stuttering adults.Brain communications · 2022Article
- Towards real-world generalizability of a circuit for action-stopping.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2021Review
- The Neural Circuitry Underlying the "Rhythm Effect" in Stuttering.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Stuttering is a speech disorder characterised by repetitions, prolongations and blocks that disrupt the forward movement of speech. An earlier meta-analysis of brain imaging studies of stuttering (Brown et al., 2005) revealed a general trend towards rightward lateralization of brain activations and hyperactivity in the larynx motor cortex bilaterally. The present study sought not only to update that meta-analysis with recent work but to introduce an important distinction not present in the first study, namely the difference between 'trait' and 'state' stuttering. The analysis of trait stuttering compares people who stutter (PWS) with people who do not stutter when behaviour is controlled for, i.e., when speech is fluent in both groups. In contrast, the analysis of state stuttering examines PWS during episodes of stuttered speech compared with episodes of fluent speech. Seventeen studies were analysed using activation likelihood estimation. Trait stuttering was characterised by the well-known rightward shift in lateralization for language and speech areas. State stuttering revealed a more diverse pattern. Abnormal activation of larynx and lip motor cortex was common to the two analyses. State stuttering was associated with overactivation in the right hemisphere larynx and lip motor cortex. Trait stuttering was associated with overactivation of lip motor cortex in the right hemisphere but underactivation of larynx motor cortex in the left hemisphere. These results support a large literature highlighting laryngeal and lip involvement in the symptomatology of stuttering, and disambiguate two possible sources of activation in neuroimaging studies of persistent developmental stuttering.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.