Trial reportNursing research
Matching doses of distraction with child risk for distress during a medical procedure: a randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in Nursing research. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of psychosensory interventions for the management of pediatric pain, fear, and distress during emergency care: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Psychological interventions for needle-related procedural pain and distress in children and adolescents.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Pain and distress outcomes in infants and children: a systematic review.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2017Pooled it
- Psychological Interventions for Vaccine Injections in Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review of Randomized and Quasi-Randomized Controlled Trials.The Clinical journal of pain · 2015Pooled it
- Efficacy of the Buzzy System for pain relief during venipuncture in children: a randomized controlled trial.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2018Trial
- The certified child life specialist: A novel resource in the pediatric primary care clinic for managing children's pain during routine immunizations.Paediatric & neonatal pain · 2023Article
- Predicting Who Receives Nonpharmacologic Pain Interventions in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses · 2022Article
- I don't want to think about it: a qualitative study of children (6-18 years) with rheumatic diseases and parents' experiences with regular needle injections at home.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2021Article
- Genetic Variants and the Cortisol Response in Children: An Exploratory Study.Biological research for nursing · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundParents often want to provide support to their children during medical procedures, but not all parents are effective in providing distraction after brief training.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three doses of distraction intervention for children at high and medium risk for procedure-related distress.
methodsChildren undergoing scheduled intravenous insertions for diagnostic or treatment purposes and their parents participated. A computerized application, Children, Parents and Distraction, was used to predict distress risk. Doses of intervention were basic (parents trained on providing distraction), enhanced (basic training plus tailored instructions, environmental modifications, and support and guidance from the research assistant), and professional (a trained research assistant provided distraction). Outcome measures were Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress-Revised for behavioral distress, Oucher for self-reported pain, parent report of child distress, and salivary cortisol for physiological distress.
resultsA total of 574 children, ages 4-10, and their parents participated. The Children, Parents and Distraction predicted that the risk for distress was high for 156 children, medium for 372, and low for 46. Children predicted to have higher risk for distress displayed more behavioral distress (p < .01). Children in the medium-risk group who had the professional intervention displayed significantly less behavioral distress (p < .001). Children in the high-risk group tended to have less behavioral distress when receiving the professional intervention (p = .07). There were no significant group differences for self-report of pain, parent report of distress, or cortisol levels. DISCUSSION: Some parents may need additional training in providing distraction to their children during procedures, and some children at medium and high risk for distress may need professional support. Parents should be asked about their preferences in acting as the distraction coach and, if willing, be provided as much training and support as possible in the clinical situation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.