ArticleJournal of visualized experiments : JoVE2014
Using the overlay assay to qualitatively measure bacterial production of and sensitivity to pneumococcal bacteriocins.
Article in Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prophylactic oral Limosilactobacillus fermentum DSM 34872 protects Galleria mellonella from gut-associated pathogens.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Development of a Natural Coating Based on Fermented Milk Whey for Biopreservation of Cheese.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Inhibition of pneumococcal growth and biofilm formation by human isolates ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Pneumococcal pneumonia is driven by increased bacterial turnover due to bacteriocin-mediated intra-strain competition.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Exploring the In Vitro Antibacterial Potential of Specific Probiotic Strains against Oral Pathogens.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Human breast milk isolated lactic acid bacteria: antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity on theFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the Effect ofBioMed research international · 2024Article
- Exploiting Conserved Quorum Sensing Signals in Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus pneumoniaeMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Angicin, a novel bacteriocin of Streptococcus anginosus.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Lentzeacins A-E, New Bacterial-Derived 2,5- and 2,6-Disubstituted Pyrazines from a BGC-Rich Soil BacteriumMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Characterization of the Competitive Pneumocin Peptides ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Article
- Coordinated Bacteriocin Expression and Competence in Streptococcus pneumoniae Contributes to Genetic Adaptation through Neighbor Predation.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
- TheFrontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizes the highly diverse polymicrobial community of the nasopharynx where it must compete with resident organisms. We have shown that bacterially produced antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins) dictate the outcome of these competitive interactions. All fully-sequenced pneumococcal strains harbor a bacteriocin-like peptide (blp) locus. The blp locus encodes for a range of diverse bacteriocins and all of the highly conserved components needed for their regulation, processing, and secretion. The diversity of the bacteriocins found in the bacteriocin immunity region (BIR) of the locus is a major contributor of pneumococcal competition. Along with the bacteriocins, immunity genes are found in the BIR and are needed to protect the producer cell from the effects of its own bacteriocin. The overlay assay is a quick method for examining a large number of strains for competitive interactions mediated by bacteriocins. The overlay assay also allows for the characterization of bacteriocin-specific immunity, and detection of secreted quorum sensing peptides. The assay is performed by pre-inoculating an agar plate with a strain to be tested for bacteriocin production followed by application of a soft agar overlay containing a strain to be tested for bacteriocin sensitivity. A zone of clearance surrounding the stab indicates that the overlay strain is sensitive to the bacteriocins produced by the pre-inoculated strain. If no zone of clearance is observed, either the overlay strain is immune to the bacteriocins being produced or the pre-inoculated strain does not produce bacteriocins. To determine if the blp locus is functional in a given strain, the overlay assay can be adapted to evaluate for peptide pheromone secretion by the pre-inoculated strain. In this case, a series of four lacZ-reporter strains with different pheromone specificity are used in the overlay.
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